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| civil and relgious ruler of a Muslim state also means a successor |
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| an assenbley called to help pick the next Muslim calpih |
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| an image used as an object of worship who are believed by nomads also known as "sons and daughters of God" |
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| a religion based on the teachings of the profit Muhammad that believes in one God. The laws of Islam are found in the Qur'an and the Sunna |
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| a member of a group that moves from place to place following food, water, and grazing land for their herd |
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| a small area in the dessert watered by springs and wells |
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| a journy to a sacred place or shrine |
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| the sacred book of Islam that is believed to contain the revelations made to Muhammad by Allah |
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| a member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendates of Muhammad as his rightful successors |
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| traditional Islamic law observed by orthodox Muslims and based on the teachings of Muhammad |
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| the branch of Islam that follows orthodox tradition and accepts the validity of the first four caliphs elected as successoes to Muhammad |
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| any system of social organization made up of villiages, band, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culture, and name |
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| a type of organization structured like a pyramid, with one person at the top and many at the bottom; workers at each level supervise those below them |
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| the art of fine handwriting, such as that practiced in Muslim art and writing. |
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| to disagree, especially with the accepted doctrine of an established religion |
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| a prince, chieftain, or governor, especially in the Middle East |
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| a political unit often made up of a number or territories, states, or nations, ruled by a single supreme authority |
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| a group of persons forming a minority in disagreement with the larger group |
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| something handed down from an ancestor; something from the past |
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respected elder of a tribe |
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a group of Arabs living in Arabia |
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| a cube-shaped shrine created by Abraham and Ishmael |
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| words and deed of Muhammad |
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| a vast medical encyclopedia |
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| The Guide for the Perplexed |
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| a book that explained the basic nature and the philosophy of Judaism |
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| The Five Pillars of Islam |
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| Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage |
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The 5 Pillars of Islam:
Belief |
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| You must state that Allah is the only god and that Muhammad is his prophet. |
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The Five Pillars of Islam:
Prayer |
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| You MUST pray towards Makkah 5 times a day. |
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The Five Pillars of Islam:
Charity |
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| You must donate and share with the poor. |
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The Five Pillars of Islam:
Fasting |
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| On the day of Ramadan, you may not eat any foods from dawn to dusk. |
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The Five Pillars of Islam:
Pilgrimage |
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| You must visit Makkah once in your lifetime. |
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Abu Bakr
A.D. 632 - A.D. 634 |
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Friend of Muhammad; early believer of Islam
Faced 2 problems:
1. Flase prophets claim to be sucessors of Muhammad.
2. Sucession(break apart from something) of Arabic tribes after Muhammad's death
Expanded the Muslim community into parts of Byzantine and Persian Empires. |
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Umar
A.D. 634 - A.D. 644'
"Fighter" |
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He expands the Muslim Empire to Arbia, Iraq, Western Persia, Syria, Palestine, and parts of North Africa.
Creates tax system:
$ goes to:
Education, the needy, police department.
Murdered by a non-muslim Persian slave. |
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Uthman
A.D. 644 - A.D. 656 |
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Muhammad's son-in-law.
Kind personality.
First Years= peaceful
BUT had financial problems because he didn't expand.
Compilation of Quran
144 Chapters
He only appointed Umayyads, his clan, to office.
Murdered by Egyptian rebel, this starts a civil war. |
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