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Islam in Modern Times
History of Islam, how it influenced Islam today
62
Religious Studies
Graduate
10/28/2009

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Cards

Term
570 CE
Definition
Muhammed was born in Mecca
Term
Abu Talib
Definition
Uncle of Muhammad
Term
Khadija
Definition
Wife of Muhammad
Term
610
Definition
At the age of 40, Muhammad experienced revelation
Term
"Iqra"
Definition
Read or recite
Term
Quaraysh
Definition
Polytheistic people in Arabia at the time of Muhammad
Term
Jahili
Definition
Ignorance or immorality
Term
Ali
Definition
1st male to accept Islam (age of 10), 4th Caliph, 1st Imam of Shi'a Islam
Term
Abu Bakr
Definition
2nd male to accept Islam, 1st Caliph (Sunni)
Term
619
Definition
Khadija and Abu Talib die
Term
620
Definition
Medina tribes accept Islam
Term
622
Definition
The migration - Muslims leave Mecca for Medina
Term
Ahl al-Kitab
Definition
"People of the Book" - Christians and Jews
Term
Shi'a
Definition
"to follow"
Term
711-1492
Definition
Muslims rule Spain
Term
Why were the Christians threatened by the Muslims?
Definition

Muslims proseletyze

Both are universal religions

Islam challenged the doctrine of the trinity

Term
Robert Ketton
Definition
Translated Qur'an in 1148
Term
Sharia
Definition
The way - a moral code
Term
5 Pillars of Islam
Definition

1. Faith

2. Prayer 5x daily (salat)

3. Almsgiving (tithe)

4. Ramadhan (fasting, sawm)

5. Pilgrimmage to the Hajj

Term
How many Muslims are there in the world?
Definition
Approximately 1.5 billion
Term
Safavid
Definition
came into power in Iran in 1501, established it as a Shi'a state
Term
How many states were there when the Europeans entered Muslim lands? How many were there afterwards?
Definition

3

44

Term
When did the Ottoman Empire fall?
Definition
WWI
Term
Bid'a
Definition
"innovation" - something Muhammed would not have done
Term
Muhammad b Abd al Wahab
Definition
Wahhabism - saw the "eternal deterioration" of Islam, felt a need to purify it by going back. Rejected the views of the scholars.
Term
Tawhid
Definition
oneness of God - means not associating anything with God
Term
Shirk
Definition
seeking refuge, making images, invoking holy men, associating anything or anyone with God
Term
Fatwa
Definition
religious edict or opinion
Term
Wahabism
Definition
marriage of church and state
Term
Afghani
Definition
One of the earliest Muslim reformers, said that humans become enlightened through philosophy, reason, scripture, and revelation. Founder of anti-colonialism, called for pan-Islam
Term
Taqlid
Definition
blind following or imitation
Term
Ijtihad
Definition

rethinking - mental jihad

 

Term
Mahdi
Definition
12th Imam in Shi'a Islam, will come at the end of time to address wrongdoings
Term
Ulama
Definition
community of legal scholars in Islam
Term
How did Afghani feel about the Ulama?
Definition
He said they were out of touch with reality
Term
Abduh
Definition
disciple of Afghani, wrote his works for him
Term
al-Azhar
Definition
1st university in the world, in Cairo
Term
Ijaza
Definition
"permission" to teach, issued by one's teacher
Term
Hadith
Definition
150,000 stories concerning the Prohpet and his followers - means "narration"
Term
Qur'an
Definition

114 Suras (chapters)

624 Ayat (verses)

Term
10th of Muharram
Definition
commemoration of the Battle of Karbala, celebrated by Shi'a Muslims
Term
Hijra
Definition
Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina - marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar in 622 AD
Term
Mawla
Definition
friend/master/protector/guardian
Term
Fatima
Definition
wife of Ali, daughter of Muhammad
Term
Hasan and Husayn
Definition
Sons of Fatima and Ali, 2nd and 3rd imams of Shi'a Islam
Term
Imam
Definition
rightful descendant or authority
Term
Yazid
Definition
Demanded that Husayn recognize him as rightful ruler. Killed Husayn at Karbala when he refused.
Term
12th Imam
Definition
Muhammad al-Mahdi - the Messiah in hiding
Term
Ghayba
Definition
hiding
Term
Khumayni
Definition
Spoke against the Shah in Iran, 1960's-70's. Eventually became ruler
Term
al-faqlih
Definition
rule of the scholars (advocated by Khumayni)
Term
1453
Definition
Istanbul captured by Ottomans
Term
Tanzimat Reforms
Definition
Legal and administrative reforms in Turkey, which were secular in nature.
Term
Young Turks
Definition
concerned about the Tanzimat Reforms, wanted to be modern but not Western
Term
Ziya Gokalp
Definition
called for education geared toward Turkish culture, wanted reformation but not secularization
Term
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)
Definition
Father of the Turks who won the war of liberation even though he wasn't supported by the Muslim world. Wanted Turkey to become European
Term
Madrasa
Definition
place of learning
Term
Ikhwan
Definition
Muslim Brotherhood
Term
Hasan al-Banna
Definition
founder of Muslim Brotherhood
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