Term
|
Definition
| patient endurance; self-control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effort, struggle; the internal striving to know, serve, and submit to God; the external 'Holy War' fought to either defend Islam and Muslims or to right a wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| islam (with lowercase "i") means "surrender" and "submission"; Islam (with an uppercase "I") means "The Religion", the one sent by God beginning with Adam and Judaism, continuing with all the prophets and Christianity, and taking its place as the last installment of the tradition. It is the one true religion of humanity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muslim (lowercase "m") means "one who surrenders" and Muslim (uppercase "M") means "one who adheres to Islam". It is said that every human being is born a Muslim but becomes corrupted by this world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a religious movement whose ideology involves returning to what they perceive to be the foundation od the religion, disregarding historical interpretations, mediations, and organizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any prolonged and bitter feud; a private feud in which the family of a slain person seeks to avenge the murder by returning the favor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "the God"; the one true omnipresent, omnipotent, omniscient God of Islam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instance or concrete evidence in support of a theory, idea, concept, claim, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the system of inheritance to the firstborn son |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denounced or condemned as dangerous; prohibited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice of having multiple wives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to abolish by formal or official means; annul by an authoritative act; repeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an exact copy (as of a book, painting, or manuscript) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a historical figure who lived from 580-632 C.E.; called "The Prophet", he received a series of revelations from God communicated through the angel Gabriel over the course of 23 years; Muslims see him as the final prophet in the Abrahamic lineage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ancient desert gods and goddesses worshipped by the polytheists of 6th century Arabia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contemplatives at the time of Muhammad who worshipped Allah exclusively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden violent outburst; a fit of violent action or emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a city in the southwest part of Saudi Arabia where Muhammad was born, his revelations began, and where the Ka 'bah is located; it is the most important city in Islam; all Muslims pray in the direction of the Ka 'bah five times a day and must make a pilgrimage there once during their lives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formerly Yathrib; a city less than 200 miles north of Mecca where Muhammad emigrated and formed the first Islamic state; the center of early Islam's political power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Qur'an literally means "reading" or "recitation" in Arabic and is believed by Muslims to be God's words spoken through the angel Gabriel to Muhammad over the course of 22 years. The divine words were organized into the book of the Qur'an not long after the Prophet Muhammad's death and are regarded as the ultimate authority in most schools of Islam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 114 chapters into which the Qur'an is divided |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the belief in one universal creator God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cultures and ethnicities associated with the descendants of Shem, oftens referring to Jews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human nature, that is, an innate inclination toward 'oneness' along with compassion, intelligence, and other good and idealistic qualities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the state of uncivilized barbaric ignorance (of Islam) in Arabia before the advent of Islam; also used by some contemporary fundamentalist groups to classify people who live modern, secular lives, who value science above God, and who are not Muslim according to their defining criteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "forgetting"; the sin of forgetfulness of Allah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "the path that 'leads to refreshment'" (refreshment meaning a flowing source of water) ordinarily oversimplified to mean "law". In a manner of speaking, it is a word describing the way to play by the rules of planet earth and our role as human beings so that we have the greatest rewards here and hereafter. It is the "right away" to live, as determined by God, so that Judgement Day yields the most favorable results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "La ilaha illa 'llah", "There is no god but God".; Islam's creed/confession of faith; every Muslim must say it intentionally and out-loud once in his or her life; the first pillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the 'constant' practice of formal canonical prayer; five observances per day: upon walking, when the sun is at its highest, when it is midway through the sky, during sunset, and before sleep; the second pillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| charity; those who are materially comfortable should give to those who are not; the wealthy and the middle class are expected to give one fortieth of their possessions to the poor-who are not required to give zakah; the third pillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fasting; the observance of Islam's holy month Ramadan during which those who are healthy enough to fast abstain from food, smoking, and water from dawn till dusk; the fourth pillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pilgrimage; every able-bodied Muslim is expected to journey to Mecca at least once; the fifth pillar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literally in Arabic, "stories" or "pieces of news/information", and the collections of Hadith are compilations of stories and examples set by the Prophet Muhammad and his early community; while the Qur'an can be called Islam's canon, the Hadith are supporting materials which give guidance and advice to Muslims looking for ways to live in accordance to God's will in everyday events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "may peace be upon you"; response: 'alaykum as-salamu' |
|
|
