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ISB 204 FALL 2010 EXAM 2
Chapters 14,16,17,18,19,20,& 23
226
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/03/2010

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Term
(14)What can be used to treat the common cold?
Definition
All of these (Zinc, Vitamin C, Antibiotics, Rest)
Term
(14)Bronchitis is the inflammation of the:
Definition
Bronchi
Term
(14)The __________ is an adjustable entryway that produces the voice.
Definition
Larynx
Term
(14)Smoking can cause:
Definition
All of these (Cancer, Lung Disease, Stroke, Heart Disease)
Term
(14)How many air tubes does the trachea divide into?
Definition
Two
Term
(14)Which does not make up the lower respiratory system?
Definition
Pharynx
Term
(14)What is the path of air during inhalation?
Definition
Nose, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Alveolus in lung, Blood capillary
Term
(14)The larynx. . .
Definition
Is an air passageway, Prevents food and drink from entering the lower respiratory system, and produces voice.
Term
(14)What is the main function of the pharynx?
Definition
PASSAGEWAY FOR FOOD, AIR, AND DRINK
Term
(14)Which of these is not part of the lower respiratory system?
Definition
PHARYNX
Term
(14)What is not one of the four processes that play a part in respiration?
Definition
FILTRATION AND CLEANSING
Term
(14)Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from ____ to the _____ as bicarbonate ions that were formed in red blood cells by carbonic anhydrase.
Definition
CELLS; LUNGS
Term
(14)This is a thin-walled, rounded chamber surrounded by a dense network of capillaries.
Definition
Alveolus
Term
(14)Sudden fever and chills, chest pain, cough and shortness of breath are among the symptoms of ______________?
Definition
Pneumonia
Term
(14)What is the primary function of the sinuses?
Definition
Lessens weight on the head; warms and moistens inhaled air.
Term
(14)What is breathing primarily controlled by?
Definition
Respiratory Centers in the Brain
Term
(14)Oxygen diffusion, or gas exchange, into the blood occurs in this structure
Definition
alveoli
Term
(14)The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath is called the
Definition
tidal volume
Term
(14) Between __ and __ percent of all cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking and are, therefore, preventable.
Definition
85,90
Term
(14)These are the surfaces of the lungs used in gas exchange
Definition
Alveoli
Term
(14)The abbreviation for influenze is:
Definition
flu
Term
(14)The pharynx is commonly called:
Definition
The throat
Term
(14)Strep throat is most commonly a problem in which age range:
Definition
5-15 years
Term
(14)In exhalation, which of the following occurs?
Definition
Rib cage moves inward, intercostal muscles relax and diaphragm relaxes
Term
(14)What is not a respiratory disorder?
Definition
Insomnia
Term
(14)In inhalation, which of the following occurs?
Definition
Rib cage moves outward, intercostal muscles contract, and diaphragm contracts
Term
(14)What is Alveoli?
Definition
A thin-walled, rounded chamber surrounded by a dense network of capillaries
Term
(16)Organs from Several Body Systems Eliminate Waste
Definition
True
Term
(16)The Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra Make Up the Urinary System
Definition
True
Term
(16)Human being can’t live without one of the kidneys
Definition
False
Term
(17)What are the most important structures in the reproductive system in both males and females?
Definition
GONADS
Term
(17)What is important for sperm production as well as the development of male characteristics?
Definition
Testosterone
Term
(17)What surrounds the upper portion of the urethra, just beneath the urinary bladder?
Definition
Prostate Gland
Term
(17) What is the most common method of female sterilization?
Definition
Tubal LIgation
Term
(17) Which of the following helps keep the temperature within the testes fairly stable?
Definition
scrotum
Term
(17)Which of the following is not a stage of the human sexual response?
Definition
sleep
Term
(17)Which of the following produces sperm and testosterone?
Definition
testes
Term
(17)Which of the following contributes to sexual arousal?
Definition
clitoris
Term
(17)What hormone in the male reproductive system stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce LH (luteinizing hormone)?
Definition
GnRh (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
Term
(17)Which is NOT a structure found in the male reproductive system?
Definition
oviducts
Term
(17)Which of the following events occur during days 15-21 of the OVARIAN cycle?
Definition
corpus luteum forms and secretes estrogen and progesterone
Term
(17)Which part of the sperm contains mitochondira that will provide energy for the sperm's trip to the egg?
Definition
midpiece
Term
(17)What are the reproductive structures that produce gametes and hormones called?
Definition
Gonads
Term
(17)What is the function of the testes?
Definition
Produce sperm and testosterone
Term
(17) If sperm delivery is appropriately timed with egg production, a sperm and egg may fuse in a process called:
Definition
fertilization
Term
(17)Menopause is:
Definition
The end of a females reproductive potential when ovulation and menstruation cease.
Term
(17)What is the function of clitoris?
Definition
contributes to sexual arousal
Term
(17)What are the functions of the ovaries?
Definition
to produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone
Term
(17)Which of the following is produced in testes?
Definition
sperm
Term
(17)What is the function of the uterus?
Definition
House and nourish the developing baby until birth
Term
(17)What supports the growth of the developing embryo?
Definition
uterus
Term
(17)Where is testosterone produced?
Definition
testes
Term
(17)The degeneration of the corpus luteum results in falling levels of what two hormones?
Definition
Estrogen and Progesterone
Term
(17)What produces eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone?
Definition
ovary
Term
(17)Eventually ovulation and menstruation stop completely, at a stage in a woman's life. This stage is called:
Definition
Menopause
Term
(17)What hormone does the hypothalamus release?
Definition
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Term
(17)How many pairs of chromosomes do the cells in our body possess?
Definition
23
Term
(18)The miracle of every human life begins when the sperm and egg unite, which is known as:
Definition
Fertilization
Term
(18)In prenatal development, cleavage is:
Definition
a series of mitotic cell divisions beginning as the zygote moves down the oviduct.
Term
(18)The organ that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away is called the:
Definition
Placenta
Term
(18)What is not a change that occurs with aging?
Definition
Brain mass increases
Term
(18)What covers the surface of the embryo and forms the outer layer of skin and it's derivatives such as hair, nails, oil glands, and mammary glands?
Definition
Ectoderm
Term
(18)The organ that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away is?
Definition
Placenta
Term
(18)At the second stage of labor, it begins with...
Definition
Full Dilation
Term
(18)How many chromosomes do the mother and father each provide to the embryo?
Definition
23
Term
(18)What are developmental defects present at birth known as?
Definition
Birth Defects
Term
(18)In which stage of life does cell differentiation occur?
Definition
Embryonic Period
Term
(18)What is a blastocyst?
Definition
a ball of cells with a fluid-filled cavity
Term
(18)What three events characterize the pre-embryonic period?
Definition
fertilization, cleavage, and implantation
Term
(19)What is the first phase of Mitosis?
Definition
Prophase
Term
(19)What is a period of growth and preparation of cell division?
Definition
Interphase
Term
(19)What is the division of Cytoplasm called?
Definition
Cytokinesis
Term
(19)This keeps the chromosome number constant through generations and increases genetic variability in the population.
Definition
Meiosis
Term
(19)What is the order of the 4 major stages of Mitosis?
Definition
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Term
(19)The genetic mutation of an extra chromosome 21 is:
Definition
Down Syndrome
Term
(19)What is the second stage of mitosis?
Definition
Metaphase
Term
(19)Which of the following is matched correctly:
Definition
Interphase: Copying
Term
(19)Cytokinesis is:
Definition
The division of the cytoplasm.
Term
(19)The type of nuclear division that results in identical body cells is called:
Definition
Mitosis
Term
(19) What occurs during metaphase 1?
Definition
Homologous Pairs of chromosomes line up at the midline of the cell.
Term
(19)At which stage in meiosis does cytokinesis occur and form two haploid daughter cells?
Definition
Telophase
Term
(19)Which of the following does not describe the process of Mitosis?
Definition
It produces up to four haploid cells.
Term
(19)What is NOT a potential use for stem cells?
Definition
None of the Above
Term
(19) What are the two major phases of the the cell cycle?
Definition
Interphase and Cell Division
Term
(19)Stem cells from the umbilical cord are:
Definition
Less likely to be rejected by recipient than bone marrow.
Term
(19)How many pairs of chromosomes are in all cells, except for egg and sperm?
Definition
23
Term
(19)What is the correct order of the four stages of mitosis?
Definition
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Term
(20)The loss of a piece of a chromosome is called a ______. The gain of a piece of chromosome is called a ______.
Definition
Deletion, Duplication
Term
(20)What term refers to our observable traits?
Definition
Phenotype
Term
(20)Blood type is determined by the presence of certain polysaccharide (sugars) on the surface of Red Blood Cells. Type A blood has the A polysaccharide; type B has the B polysaccharide; type O has ______.
Definition
None of the above
Term
(20)Which of the following is NOT an example of Chromosome alterations?
Definition
Balancing
Term
(20)The removal and analyses of a small amount of tissue containing chorionic villi, the small, fingerlike projections of the part of the placenta called the chorion is called:
Definition
Chorionic villi Sampling (CVS)
Term
(20)A condition in which a single gene has many effects is:
Definition
Pleitropy
Term
(20) A male is
Definition
XY
Term
(20)Polygenic means
Definition
One gene affects one trait
Term
(20)In_______,a needle is inserted through the lower abdomen into the uterus, and a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn.
Definition
Amniocentesis
Term
(20)Which of the following letter combinations represents a homozygous dominant allele pair?
Definition
FF
Term
(20)Sex linked genes are located on...
Definition
sex chromosomes
Term
(20)Most traits are controlled by...
Definition
many genes
Term
(20)chart showing the genetic connections between individuals in a family is called?
Definition
pedigree
Term
(20)What is the final stage of Mitosis?
Definition
Telophase
Term
(20) How many infants are born with Down syndrome?
Definition
1 in every 800-1,000
Term
(20)How many chromosomes do somatic cells have?
Definition
46
Term
(20)What percentage of infants with Down syndrome have heart defects?
Definition
50%
Term
(20)An individual with two copies of the same allele of a gene are said to be:
Definition
Homozygous
Term
(20)What is the definition of the chromosome alteration called deletions?
Definition
Parts of chromosome is lost
Term
(20)A dominant allele produces what?
Definition
A functional protein
Term
(20)Sex-linked genes are located on what chromosomes?
Definition
Sex-chromosomes
Term
(20)The principle that half of the gametes bear one allele, and half of the gametes bear the other is know as...
Definition
Law of segregation
Term
(20)Which of the following is caused by having an extra chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes instead of 46?
Definition
Down syndrome
Term
(20)All of the following phenotypes of humans are considered recessive genotypes except...
Definition
Freckles
Term
(23)What percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level?
Definition
10%
Term
(23)An example of producer in the food chain would be?
Definition
Grain
Term
(23)What is the most possible consequence of introducing exotic species?
Definition
Unbalance the ecosystem
Term
(23)How much energy is lost by moving up one trophic level on a food web?
Definition
10%
Term
(23)The sequence of changes in the kinds of species making up a community is called
Definition
Ecological succession
Term
(23)Most humans are classified as
Definition
omnivores
Term
(23)Which is NOT a true statement about exotic species?
Definition
They originated in the country that they are found.
Term
(23)What is a pioneer species?
Definition
The first species that invades an area where no community has existed before
Term
(23)What is an omnivore?
Definition
A consumer that eats both plants and animals
Term
(23) In an ecosystem, most of the energy in the food digested is lost and about two-thirds of this energy is used by the animal for a specific essential process. What is this process?
Definition
Cellular respiration
Term
(23)What is the main reason for the loss of biodiversity?
Definition
Habitat destruction
Term
(23)what percentage of energy is transferred from a lower trophic level to a higher one?
Definition
10%
Term
(23)the ____________ consists of all the ecosystems on Earth
Definition
biosphere
Term
(23)which of the following is defined as the number and variety of living things, which is being dramatically reduced by human activity?
Definition
biodiversity
Term
(23)which of the following organisms consumes BOTH plants & animals?
Definition
omnivores
Term
(16)Which part of the urinary tract does urine exit through?
Definition
Urerthra
Term
(16)What is dialysis?
Definition
A technique used to provide artificial replacement for lost kidney function
Term
(16)Which hormone is manufactured by the hypothalamus and then travels to the posterior pituitary for storage and release?
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
(16) Which of the following methods can help men and women avoid urinary tract infections?
Definition
Drinking plenty of water
Urinate frequently throughout the day
Avoiding wet or tight clothing
Drinking cranberry juice
All of the above*
Term
(16)What is Glomerular filtration?
Definition
blood pressure forces water and small solutes from the blood in the glomerulus to the space inside the glomerular capsule
Term
(16)The urinary system consists of what?
Definition
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder and 1 urethra
Term
(16)What is a function of the kidneys?
Definition
produces urine
Term
(16)Where in the body are the kidneys located?
Definition
above the waist against the back wall of the abdominal cavity
Term
(17)What is the function of the testes?
Definition
To produce sperm and testosterone
Term
(17) The union of an egg and a sperm to form a single cell called the zygote is known as...
Definition
Fertilization
Term
(17)What is the stage a woman goes through when she completely stops ovulation and menstruation?
Definition
Menopause
Term
(17)Which of the following produces eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone?
Definition
Ovary
Term
(18)Cleavage is:
Definition
A rapid series of meiotic cell divisions
Term
(18)Birth defects may involve:
Definition
All of these (Structure, Function, Behavior, Metabolism)
Term
(18)What is the process by which milk is produced and ejected from the mammary glands?
Definition
Lactation
Term
(18)What is the process by which cells become specialized with respect to structure and function?
Definition
Cell differentiation
Term
(18) When fluid from the urine cavity passes through the pellucida and accumulates in the forming cavity, the morula is converted into
Definition
Blastocyte
Term
(18)The embryonic period, which occurs from week 3 to week 8, is a period where the developing human is called a(n)
Definition
embryo
Term
(18)A normally developing male embryo is represented by
Definition
XY
Term
(18)The process referred to as cleavage is when a zygote
Definition
Undergoes a series of rapid cell divisions
Term
(18)What is the order of the human prenatal period?
Definition
pre-embryonic period, embryonic period, fetal period.
Term
(18)How many chromosomes are provided by the mother's egg?
Definition
23
Term
(18)What is the thin layer of cells that will give rise to the extra embryonic membrane and is the embryo's contribution to the placenta called?
Definition
trophoblast
Term
(18)What is the correct order for the 3 stages of labor?
Definition
dilation stage, expulsion stage, placenta stage
Term
(19)Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
Definition
Interphase
Term
(19)Which is NOT a side effect of nondisjunctive gamete?
Definition
Crossing over between nonsister
Term
(19)Failure of chromosomes to ____ during meiosis creates cells with extra or missing chromosomes
Definition
separate
Term
(19)Which of the following best describes mitosis?
Definition
Results in growth and repair
Term
(19)Somatic cell divison consists of...
Definition
mitosis and cytokinesis
Term
(19)How many phases of meiosis are there?
Definition
2
Term
(19) How much more likely is a 45 year-old woman to give birth to a baby with Down syndrome than a 20 year-old woman?
Definition
45 times as likely
Term
(20)Gregor Mendel is a(n) _______ monk.
Definition
Augustinian
Term
(20)How many chromosome copies do female bees have?
Definition
2
Term
(20)How many chromosomes does a diploid have?
Definition
2
Term
(23)Which of these are the selected climax communities of Earth?
Definition
All of the above
Term
(23)Which of following is not part of Trophic levels?
Definition
Decomposers
Term
(23)Two human activities-burning fossil fuels and deforestation-are altering ______ and increasing the atmospheric carbon dioxide level.
Definition
Carbon Cycle
Term
(23)"A linear sequence in which A eats B, which then eats C, which then eats D, and so on" is the definition of which of the following?
Definition
Food Chain
Term
(14)The function(s) of the nose is(are):
Definition
a. Filtration and cleansing
b. Conditioning the air that is inhaled
c. Olfaction (smell)
d. B and C only
e. All of the above*
Term
(14)These structures are all part of the lower respiratory system except:
Definition
Pharynx
Term
(14)Each of our lungs contains approximately ___ million alveoli.
Definition
300
Term
(14)The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath is called the ____.
Definition
tidal volume
Term
(16) ___________________ is the elimination of wastes and excess substances from the body.
Definition
excretion
Term
(16) ________________ transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
Definition
urethra
Term
(16)The outer region of the kidney is the _____________.
Definition
renal cortex
Term
(16)What is the term that describes when the kidneys stop working?
Definition
renal failure
Term
(19)Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell during which process:
Definition
mitosis
Term
(19)What is the combination of a DNA molecule and specialized proteins called?
Definition
chromosomes
Term
(19) In which phase of Meiosis I do homologous pairs of chromosomes line up at the midline of the cell?
Definition
Metaphase I
Term
(19)Which is not a characteristic of Mitosis?
Definition
Part of the chromosomes are exchanged in crossing over
Term
(23)A population of (the) ______ species is all the individuals, which can _______interact.
Definition
same, potentially
Term
(23) What is the order of Trophic Levels?
Definition
Tertiary consumers-Primary consumers-Secondary consumers-Producers
Term
(23)Which of the following consumes both plants and animals?
Definition
Omnivores
Term
(23)What is the correct Ecological Succession for the following living things?
Definition
Plowed field>>>regweed,crabgrass and other grasses>>>asters,goldenrod,broom sedge grass>>>blackberry>>>Virginia pine,tulip poplar,sweet gum>>>oak-hickory climax forest
Term
(23)The part of the Earth where life exists is the:
Definition
Biosphere
Term
(23)Humans can be considered all of the following except:
Definition
Producers
Term
(23)A diagram that compares certain properties in a series of related trophic levels:
Definition
Ecological pyramid
Term
(23)Which apply to Gaia:
Definition
-Greek Earth
-James Lovelock
-The planet is self regulating
-Earth is a living organism
-all of the above*
Term
(16)In one day, a pair of kidneys filters all of the blood in a body about how many times?
Definition
30 times
Term
(16)An infection of the kidneys is called
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
(16)Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
Definition
Stores urine
Term
(16) Presence of microorganisms in the organs of the unary system can cause
Definition
A urinary tract infection
Term
(18)A Fertilized ovum is referred to as...
Definition
Zygote
Term
(18)Identical twins can be formed if dividing cells separate from the...
Definition
Morula
Term
(18)Babies born after 38 weeks of development are considered _______ infants, while those born 37 weeks or sooner are called _______ infants...
Definition
Full Term, Premature
Term
(18)What are the major periods in prenatal development, from first to last:
Definition
Pre-embryonic, Embryonic, Fetal
Term
(18)Which of the following are changes that occur to the skeletal system with aging:
Definition
About 7.6 cm (3 in) of height is lost
Joints become stiff
Movement of joints becomes painful
Bones become lighter and more brittle
All of the above*
Term
(18)What is the first period of development in human life?
Definition
Prenatal Period
Term
(18)Which of the following is a benefit of breast-feeding?
Definition
Breast milk is more digestible and much less likely to cause an allergic reaction, constipation, or obesity in infants than commercial formula
Breast milk boosts the immune system of an infant
Breast-feeding helps the mother's uterus return to its pre-pregnant size
Breast-feeding helps the mother lose weight gained during pregnancy
Breast-feeding reduces the mother's risk of breast cancer
All answers are correct
Term
(20)Assume F is the dominant alleles of freckles, and a female has FF alleles in her eggs and a male has ff alleles in his sperm, if they have a child, what is the opportunity the child will have freckles?
Definition
1
Term
(20)What is the principles of Inheritance?
Definition
it help us predict how simple traits are passed to the next generation
Term
(20)Which is not the Types of Chromosome Alterations?
Definition
polygenic
Term
(23)What is the false statement of energy flow?
Definition
Decomposers feed on herbivores.
Term
(23)What is the right order for the carbon cycle?
Definition
Photosynthesis -> Plants -> Animals -> Dead Organisms -> Fossil fuels -> Burning of fossil fuels -> Atmospheric CO2
Term
(23)The level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is increasing with human activities. What are the two human activities that are important cause of this increase?
Definition
Burning fossil fules and deforestation
Term
(23)Fill in the blank. The part of the Earth where life exists is the __________
Definition
Biosphere
Term
(14)The larynx is?
Definition
Responsible for housing the vocal chords
Term
(14)Which is not part of the lower respiratory system?
Definition
Heart
Term
(14)Which is not a respiratory Disorder?
Definition
exhalation
Term
(19)What is interphase?
Definition
period between cell cycle and cell division
Term
(19)DNA replication during ______ forms two copies of each chromosome.
Definition
Interphase
Term
(19)Which of the following [prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis] are involved in cell division?
Definition
all of the above
Term
(19)Which of the following is not a characteristic of Down Syndrome?
Definition
A single X chromosome
*note: a single X chromosome is turner's syndrome*
Term
(19)Klinefelter syndrome is observed in:
Definition
Males who are XXY
(*note: males are supposed to be XY; females XX)
Term
(17)Produces sperm and testosterone
Definition
Testis
Term
(17)Put the stages of human sexual response in the correct order
Definition
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Term
(17)The most reliable way to avoid pregnancy and std's is....
Definition
Abstinence
Term
(17)The events in the ovary known as the ovary cycle, must be closely coordinated with those in the uterus this is known as the...
Definition
Uterine Cycle
Term
(16)One of the functions of the kidneys is:
Definition
help regulate blood pressure and pH
Term
(16)Which is not one of the three functions of nephrons?
Definition
tubular secretion
Term
(16)Which hormone does NOT influence kidney funciton?
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone
Term
(16)The Kidneys transform Vitamin _ into its active form.
Definition
D
Term
(16) Which is not one of the three regions of the Kidneys?
Definition
basal ganglia
Term
(16)The renal corpuscle is made up of
Definition
Glomerulus
Term
(16)What does the anti diuretic hormone regulate?
Definition
amount of water reabsorbed into water tubules
Term
(16)Which of these is not a function of nephrons?
Definition
Storing wastes and excess materials
Term
(16)Which of the following is not a hormone involving kidney function?
Definition
Renin
Term
(16)The urinary system consists of all of the following except
Definition
gallbladder
Term
(16) All of the following are nitrogen containing wastes produced by people except?
Definition
Carbon dioxide
Term
(16)The Kidneys do all of the following except:
Definition
deteriorate last
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