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| These cause readings to be different from the true value. They can be caused by human error. |
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| The cause readings to be spread about some value other than the true value. For example if you change your control variables, you will be conducting a systematic error |
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| These are caused by measureing instruments that have a false zero, a kind of systematic error |
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| A fair test can be achieved by keeping all other variables constand. A fair test is one in which only the independant variable has been allowed to affect the dependant variable |
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| The precision of a measurement is determined by the limits of the scale on the instrument being used. For example, using a ruler with a millimetre scale on it to measure the thickness of a book will give greater precision than using a ruler that is only marked in centimeters |
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Definition
| The results of an investigation may be considered reliable if the results can be repeated. If someone else can carry out your investigation and get the same results, then your results are more likely to be reliable |
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Definition
Data is only valid for use in coming to a conclusion if the meausurements taken are affected by a single independant variable. Data is not valid if for example a fair test is not carried out or there is observer bias.
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| An accurate measurement is one which is close to the true value |
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| A categoric variable has values which are described by labels |
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| A continuous variable is one which can have any numerical value. Results on a line graph. |
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A type of categoric variable whose values are restricted to whole numbers e.g shoe size.
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| A type of categoric variable that can be ranked e.g large medium or small |
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