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| terrible mistreatment by the British, they couldn’t own their own land, speak their own language, practice Catholicism, and so many thousands of children, men, and women were sold into slavery. Australia was used as a prison camp in which Irish debtors were sent for about 7 years of hard labor. The Irish were used as canon fodder during WWI. |
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| Britain was busy with sending their troops to fight in WWI, and Irish was a weak country, they barely had any weapons. They figured to strike while their enemy was weak in order to have the best shot at establishing their independence. |
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was influenced by the French Revolution. The United Irishmen was established, demanding Irish rights such as the practice of Catholicism, and Irish independence. This was squashed by the British.
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| occurred in 1916, led by Patrick Pearse and 16 others (poets and scholars). The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland and establishing the Irish Republic. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798. |
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| Patrick Pearse & James Connolly |
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| Patrick Pearse was the leader of the Easter Rising. He and James Connolly seized the GPO in which Pearse stood on the roof and read off the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. They were all killed for their uprising, Connolly had to be put in a chair because he was badly injured when he escaped the GPO. They are often depicted in Irish songs |
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| The Irish Republican Army. It was a military organization that was inspired by those that fought during the Easter Rebellion. It was a volunteer army. After the Anglo-Irish treaty there was a split between those for and against the treaty. |
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| Use of guerilla warfare, martial law (military dictatorship), black vs. tans (like sepoys. The British hired Irish soldiers to fight against their own Irish brethren). The Irish swore that they would keep fighting until death or freedom, but they were bluffing because they were running out of weapons and food. They were lucky that the British finally gave up and gave them their freedom. |
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| The principal issues at stake in the Troubles were the constitutional status of Northern Ireland and the relationship between the mainly-Protestant unionist and mainly-Catholic nationalist communities in Northern Ireland. The Troubles had both political and military (or paramilitary) dimensions. Its participants included republican and loyalist paramilitaries, the security forces of the United Kingdom and of the Republic of Ireland, and politicians and political activists on both sides. |
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| Orange = Protestant, Green = Catholic. Different areas of Ireland |
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| was an Irish Revolutionary leader, the Director of Intelligence of the IRA, he was the one to sign the Treaty with Britain for the Irish Independence (Anglo-Irish Treaty). He knew that he was signing his own death because he knew that when he returned home there would be many angry Irishmen that all of Ireland was not free from the British. He was assassinated during the Irish Civil War, though at his funeral, members of all sides, British, pro and con treaty, all laid down their arms in sadness. |
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| 6 Counties including Ulster |
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| Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Tyrone. These form 2/3 of the Province of Ulster. |
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| Northern Ireland / Southern Ireland |
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| Northern Ireland is Protestant and Southern Ireland is Catholic. They hate each other due to their religious differences, and when the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, the Northern Irish begged Britain not to abandon them because they were afraid that the Catholics would kill them. |
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| Catholic vs. Protestant (Which areas?) |
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| North = Protestant, South = Catholic |
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