• Built structure to bury someone and then cover it with earth
• Built so that the sun could enter the chamber only once a year
• Located in County Louth

• Artificial islands built in or near the edge of a lake, forming platforms for wooden buildings surrounded by a defensive wooden fence

• He is the only Englishman who occupied the papal chair.
• Granted the Bull "Laudabiliter" which commissioned Henry II of England to invade Ireland to reform its Church and people.

• An ancient monument in County Armagh
• It is likely to have been a ritual or ceremonial site
• It is known as the Capital of the Ulaid
• Political center of the Ulster Kingdom
• Massive ring fort enclosing 18 acres of ground erected by Gaels

• A system set up in Ireland where the Irish people were forced to supply and house soldiers. 

• National musician of Ireland
• Born 1670s and died 1738
• Got small pox at 18 and became blind
• Played the harp

• Member of Irish Parliament
• Argue Ireland had right to be sovereign nation
• Ireland would owe allegiance to Crown but parliament is separate

• Said that the two races , Norman and Gaelic should remain separate
• Reasserted English culture among English Settlers

• Monastery founded by Columba (from ireland)
• one of the oldest and most influential religious centers in Western Europe
• Book of Kells produced here
• Focal point for spread of Christianity through but Scotland

• Battle between Catholic King James and Protestant King William
• William won and Protestant supremacy continued in Ireland

Poynings' Law

• Declared Parliament of Ireland to be Placed under authority pf Parliament of England
• Intended to make Ireland obedient to English monarchy

• Defensive settlement built on lakes

• First and only high king of all of Ireland
• One of the greatest military leaders of Ireland

• Near river Boyne
• Ancient political and pagan center 
• sacred site associated w/ kingship rituals
• encloses over 12 acres

Dermot MacMurrough 

• King of Leinster
• Exiled, invited English into Ireland
• sought military assistance from King Henry II to retake his kingdom

• Steep rocky small islands off coast of Kerry where monastic communities were set up

• English Forces, led by Mount Joy, defeated Irish/ Spanish force led by Hugh O'Neil and Rory O'Donnell

• Irish Poet
• Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin
• Wrote the Satire, A Modest Proposal

• Military genious
• Organized New Model (citizen) Army
• Parliament victorious - Catholicism Banned

• Tall, thing, stone towers with door good distance off ground
• Served duel purpose: bell and watch tower

• Early Irish Law
• Memorized not written
• all of ireland was under this code, King not above the law
• Civil rather than criminal code

• Departure of Irish Jacobite Army under command of Sarsfield from Ireland to France after treaty with William was signed in Limerick

• Publicly renounced King Henry VIII w/ 140 horsemen after Henry rejected authority of Pope

• Legendary 1st inhabitants of Ireland
• Identified with the fairies

• Brian Boru and Army against Danes (Leinster-Dublin-Viking Alliance)
• Brian dies but wins, Boru dynasty established

• Irish Mythological hero
• Fights and kills foster brother, Ferdia, in 3 day battle in Tain Bo Cuailnge

• Legislation against Catholics by Ascendancy dominated Irish Parliament
• Clergy had to leave Ireland, Catholics couldn't inherit land, vote or hold office 

• Bring Protestants from Scotland, England and give them Irish Land (confiscated)
• Attempt to make Ireland a protestant Country

• Leading figure in the United Irishmen Irish Independence Movement
• Defeated in Irish Rebellion of 1798

• Hugh  O'Neil and Rory O'Donnell fled to Spain to try to get support

• Led by King Henry VIII to extend control over Ireland
• Gaelic Chiefs surrendered their land, then it was regranted, but they had to acknowledge English King as their Lord
• Abanded Brehon Law

• Campaigned for Catholic Emancipation and Repeal of Union
• Ran for Parliament and won (even though he was catholic)

• Assistant Secretary to the Treasury 
• In charge of administration of Gov't relief to victims of Potato Famine
• Believed in Laissez-faire economics
•  

• United Great Britain and Ireland under name "United Kingdom"

• Historian
• Traveled to Ireland, thought Irish were ignorant and lazy
• Positive Comment - Irish had good music

• Catholic Irish kids secretly went to these
• Taught by the Priest 

• "Men of Art"
• received hospitality (like Brehon)
• Poets that trained from childhood
• could recite great amounts of poetry from memory

• Finest illuminated manuscript
• 8th century of the gospels
• written by Monks in Iona in 800 in Latin

• Led violent rebellion against British rule after Act of Union signed
• Famous speech in court

• Agreed to lead an army to Ireland to aid Dermot
• Became King of Leinster when Dermot died

• First Written Form of the Irish language
• Letters are represented by lines

• As a result of Act of Settlement, all land owned by Catholics was confiscated
• They had to move to western Ireland (Connaught) or they would be killed
• To make room for his soldiers, Cromwell issued his famous order, "to hell or Connaught"--either move to the barren lands of western Ireland or be killed.