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| The ideal that defines what it means to be a woman based on the virtues of piety, purity, and domesticity. It is a gender convention usually associated with white, middle class women. |
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a series of complex trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Europe traded: steel, brass, copper, weapons, liquor, cloth
Africa traded: ivory, gold, grains, slaves
America traded: tobacco, coffee, rice, dyewoods, sugar |
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| the socially recognized categories in society to which we belong (gender, race, class, religion, age) which shape our experiences. |
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generated by European economic and political expansion, beginning in the 15th century and consolidated by the 18th century. Sanctioned in the 19th century with a systematic ideology based on pseudoscientific theories of racial inferiority and embodied in institutions of power. |
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| attaching social meaning to racial classification. this disadvantages some groups. racialization occurs when we move beyond just saying that people differ physically. |
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| a generalization licensed by racism, based on a negative types assumed to be fixed in nature. |
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| a natural process by which we group people based on physical characteristics (in this case, race). |
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| the 4 week to 2 month trip that Africans were forced to take from west Africa to the Americas under terrible conditions (high mortality, abuse, limited food, unsanitary) |
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| an approach that attempts to understand racial dynamics by synthesizing different aspects of racial oppression in the U.S. (economic, political, cultural) through the colonial model. |
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| those who are simultaneously non-white and non-black and thus have a relatively fluid social location within society. |
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| an understanding of racial identity that focuses on consent (cultural choices) rather than descent (biological determinism) and which promotes assimilation as a logical response to racism. |
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| the expextations that society has regarding the morality spheres of activity and influence, perceptions, and lifestyles of women and men. |
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| a term used by American historians to describe how women's authory in the mid 19th century was situated within the seperate sphere of the home. this discourse allowed primarily northern, middle class, white women to connect new ideas about gender roles to their growing participation in abolitionism. |
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a socially shared way of talking and thinking.
whereas dominant discourse supports conventional relations of domination and subordination,
counter discourse challenges these conventions. |
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| an approach that understands racial discrimination as a result of market forces and the unequal distribution of wealth. |
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| the root of all racist thinking that asserts that some groups of people inherit specific characeristics that make them inferior to other superior racial groups. when fused with color predjudice, the result is racism. |
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| using oppositions for the purpose of classification. these oppositions prequently express an implied herarchy of value between the two terms. |
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| the state of being in action of behalf of oneself or of a group, which is the result of knowledge and consciousness, allowing one to exert power or influence over oneself and others. |
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| the ideas behind 19th century political movements to end slavery. |
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