Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to exaggerate, after knowing the outcome, to have forseen the outcome of events. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between correlation and causation? |
|
Definition
Correlation does not equal causation. When two variables are related there are three possible outcomes. 1. A -> B
2. B -> A
3. C ->A
C->B
Correlation is two things related.
Causation is one causes the other. |
|
|
Term
| What is Social Psychology? |
|
Definition
| It is the scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate. |
|
|
Term
| What is dependent variable? |
|
Definition
| The variable being measured, so called because it may depend on manipulations of the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
| What is independent variable? |
|
Definition
| The experimental factor (variable) that a researcher manipulates. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the power of labels |
|
Definition
There is power in labeling because there are personal values that lie hidden within different cultures and effects the way we define things like mental health, psychlogical advice and concepts.
Example: One can label a child as bashful, another can label the child as observant.
It inhibits scientific interpretation because its a human activity. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the impact of framing |
|
Definition
| It can sway of guide desired result or opinions. The order of questions, unrepresentated samples, response options, and wording of questions can be manipulated in order to receive desired results. Even the tone of the questions can be very impactful and or persuasive. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss on other "researchy" term of which you were asked to be aware. |
|
Definition
Field research is the research don in natural, real-life settings outside of the labratory. It can vary by method.
Correlation (asking whether two or more factors are naturally associated) and Experimental (manipulating some factor to see its effect on another) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What we believe and know about ourselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs about ourselves that categorize and guide the processes of our self-relevant information. |
|
|
Term
| Describe belief perserverance and how it is best counteracted. |
|
Definition
When a belief is still though of as true in spite of evidence to the contrary.
This is best counteracted by imagining that having opposite result/belief could be true. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between indiviualism and collectivism? |
|
Definition
Idividualism is placing ones own goals above that of the group and developing a self-image baed on the individuals own abilities and identity derived from self.
Collectivism is placing the good/goals of the group above ones own and adjusting the self-concept accordingly. The identity is derived from the group. |
|
|
Term
| Define heuristic. Why is it important in the study of social psychology? |
|
Definition
| A thinking strategy that enables quick efficient judgement. It is important becuase it allows us to process large amounts of information and still make sense of it. It can influence the way we think and deal with others. |
|
|
Term
| What is attribution theory? |
|
Definition
| It explains others behaviors by attributing it to either their distribution or situation. |
|
|
Term
| What is a fundamental attribution error? |
|
Definition
| It is when the behavior is explained by too much disposition and not enough situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A persons overall evaluation or sense of self-worth. |
|
|
Term
| What would you say is a "healthy" self-esteem? |
|
Definition
| A healthy self-esteem has a healthy belief in ones own value as a person without being so inflated or thinks that they don't have to study for quizzes. (ha ha) |
|
|
Term
| Discuss locus of control and their applications. |
|
Definition
Internal locus of control perceives lifes outcomes as being in the control of the individual.
Internal locus of control can go to far thinking all of lifes outcomes are controlled by the individual.
External locus of control perceives lifes outcomes to be attributed to fate or external forces.
External locus of control has a bad reputation in western society and can lead to learned helplessness.
|
|
|
Term
| What is confirmation bias? |
|
Definition
| Confirmation bias is when on looks for supporting evidence while omitting or disregarding information that discredits ones belief. |
|
|
Term
| What is illusory correlation? |
|
Definition
| Perception of a relationship that does not exist or perception of a stronger relationship than actually does. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sense that one is competent and affective distinguished from self esteem, which is ones self-worth. Belief in ones owns capabilities in succesfully completing a goal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What be believe and know about ourselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Self schemas are beliefs about ourselves that guide and organize our thoughts pertaining to the self-concept. |
|
|
Term
| What is cognitive dissonance? |
|
Definition
Cognitive Dissonance is the feeling of uncomfortable tension which comes from holding two conflicting thoughts in the mind at the same time.
An example:when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer (cognition). |
|
|
Term
| Define Attitude. What does it encompass? |
|
Definition
Favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction to something or someone. Rooted in beliefs and exhibited through feelings an intended behaviors. Attitude encompasses the following -
Affect=feelings
Behavior=Actions
Cognition=thoughts
Hint: Remember the ABC or FAT triangle |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the interplay between attitude and behavior. |
|
Definition
| feelings (attitudes) affect th behaviors (actions) in which we engage. To change an attitude, "act as if". To change a behavior, change your attitude or thoughts about the behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What has sales taught us about social psychology? |
|
Definition
Foot in the door - tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request.
Low-Ball Technique-refers to a strategy to gain compliance by making a very attractive initial offer to get a person to agree to an actionand then making the terms less favourable. |
|
|
Term
| What is impression management? |
|
Definition
| Managing or being careful of personal actions to present a certain image that may or may not be a true representation of the self. |
|
|
Term
| Define natural selection. |
|
Definition
| Natural selection is the evolution of inheritable traits that ensure survival and reproduction in particular environments to future ensuing generations. |
|
|
Term
| What is evolutionary psychology? |
|
Definition
| The study of evolution in cognition and behavior based on the principles of natural selection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender is the set of differences whether biological or social that is used to identify male or female. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gender roles are social norms that identify whether male or female "behavior" is appropriate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Norms are a set of rules that guide behavior by proper social acceptance. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the difference between universal and cultural norms. |
|
Definition
Universal is as it states, universal. Cultural is limited by local and group.
Universal norms are things such as relationship - a mother doesnt date a child.
Cultural norms are things such as punctuality, greetings etc. They are limited to a group of people and is passed on to future generations. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss and defend your view of the role gender plays as it relates to some aspect of society. |
|
Definition
| You are on your own for this one. Good luck! |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the differences between compliance, obedience, and acceptance. |
|
Definition
| All three are types of conformity but different in internal motivations. Acceptance is different in that it can be on its own, or the product of compliance or obedience.Obedience can also lead to compliance just by the act of obeying. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agree publicly - disagree privately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compliance with direct order or command |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agreeing both privately and publicly |
|
|
Term
| How might normative and information influence interact as it relates to conformity? |
|
Definition
| Depending on a persons need for the acceptance of others as well as their acceptance of evidence from others, will influence whether they will conform to a situation or not. |
|
|
Term
| List and describe two factors in obedience |
|
Definition
| Proximity to victim- people are more likely to obey when they are face to face with authority. Closeness and legitimacy of authority- if the authority is seen as powerful and/or knowledgable in the subject. |
|
|
Term
| List and describe two factors in conformity. |
|
Definition
Public response - how the public is going to react to the outcome.
Group size- people conform best in groups of 3-5, adding 1-2 people reduces the chance of conformity. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between reactance and asserting one's uniqueness? |
|
Definition
| Reactance happens when people have a motive to defend their freedom(s) while asserting uniqueness happens when an individual feels as though they are seen only as part of a group. (no autonomy) |
|
|
