• open door policy
• attidue surveys
• focus groups and exit interviews
• suggestion boxes
• third party facilitators

• bulletin boards
• newsletters
• policy manuals
• intranets

• memos
• telephone calls
• e-mail
• voice mail
• instant messaging
• in-person meetings
• video conferencing

grapevine 

• provides emplyees with information, power, entertainment
• percieved by most to be more reliable and believable than formal communications
• used to convey accurate and rumors

medium through which the message travels from sender to receiver

(face-to-face, phone, memo, skype, facetime, email)

• reception: receives the message
• decoding: interpretations of the message
• response: behavior that results from the receipt and decoding
• feedback: sender is made aware of the fact that message was received

intended message vs message sent

• think about what you want to communicate
• practice
• communication skills training

message sent vs message received

• words used
• communication channel
• nonverbal cues
• paralanguage

amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode

rich channels:

• can handle multiple cues simultaneously
• facilitate rapid feedback
• are very personal in context

the way we say things:

tone, tempo, volume, number of pauses, rate of speech

problems with communication (3)

message received vs message interprated

• listening skills
• styles of listening
• emotional state
• cognitive ability
• bias