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segmented, jointed, chitinous exoskeleton; no motile cilia |
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metameric segmentation; tagmatization |
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exoskeleton; secreted by epidermis; epicuticle(waxy, thin, impermeable);procuticle(chitin, proteins, CaCO3) |
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protective, sensory (setae, pits); supportive |
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molting; under hormonal control |
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highly cephalized; brain & ventral nerve cord; pairs of ganglia; Unusual: more than one nerve cell; can inhibit muscles from contracting |
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mechano, chemo receptors=setae; proprioceptors; photoreceptors:simple eyes (ocelli); compound eyes (ommatidium); statocysts (balance) |
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mouth;foregut->midgut(gland diverticulum)->hindgut(packages, conserves h2o)->anus |
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open; vessels->homocoel->vessel; heart in pericardial sinus |
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arachnids and merostomata:coxal glands(collect waste from blood and get rid of waste-osmoreg);crustaceans:gills(rid of ammonia),diffusion over gills, antennal and maxillay glands(osmoreg);insects,arachnids,myriapods:malpighi tubules |
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usually gonochoristic(exception:barnacles);many have species specific mating behavior |
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