Term
| know anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral, frontal, transverse, medial, lateral, distal, proximal, superficial, deep |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Most unicellular; some colonial
Cilia used for locomotion
Body shape maintained by protein-fibrous pellicle
Have both macro- and micronuclei
Most with cytostome (=cell mouth)
Reproduce asexually (fission) or via conjugation
Ex: Paramecium, euplotes |
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Term
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Definition
| Two flagella in grooves: one transverse, one longitudinal
Both photosynthetic and hetertrophic forms; many can switch
Some are bioluminescent
Most are unicellular, but some form colonies
Population booms cause "red tides"
Many photosynthetic forms are endosymbiotic in other protozoans and animals such as corals
Ex: Peridinium |
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Term
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Definition
- Unique apical complex (not visible with light microscope)
- Lack cilia, flagella, pseudopods
- All are parasitic
- Gregarines infect various invertebrates
- Coccidians infect mostly vertebrates
Ex: earthworm gametocyst
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Term
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Definition
- Multiple flagella: 4 to 1000s
- Lack mitochondria
- All are endosymbionts of animals; may be beneficial or harmful
Ex: trichonympha |
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Term
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Definition
Have 1 or 2 flagella
Single nucleus
Reproduce asexually (fission)
Includes free-living and parasitic forms
Euglenids are mostly free-living
- Have proteinaceous pellicle to hold shape
- Most are photosynthetic via secondary endosymbiosis
Kinetopastids are mostly parasitic
- Flagellum forms edge of undulating membrane along elongted cell
- Greatly elongated mitochondrion (stained dark in photo)
- Many have complex life cycles, often with multiple hosts
- Ex: Euglena
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Term
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Definition
| Cell surrounded by plasma membrane; some form an external test
Pseudopodia used for locomotion
Most free-living, but a few are endosymbiotic, either commensal or parasitic
Reproduce asexually (fission)
The classification of ameboid protozoans remains controversial
Ex: Amoeba |
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Term
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Definition
- External test (skeleton), usually of calcite (CaCO3)
- Tests usually a series of chambers of increasing size
- Tests have 1 or 2 holes through which pseudopods are extended
- Heterotrophic, but some have symbiotic algae
- Marine
Ex: Formaniferan
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Term
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Definition
- Limited to no locomotion
- Internal siliceous skeleton; typically with elaborate structure
- Have axopods similar to Heliozoans, but these are not visible in dead tests
- Heterotrophic, but some have endosymbiotic dinoflagellates
- Marine waters only
Ex: Radiolarian
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Term
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Definition
| Spherical shape
Have radiating axopodia (thin, straight pseudopods supported by microtubules)
Axopodia used to capture food and for locomotion (changes in length allow them to roll)
Outer portion of cell (ectoplasm) is rich in vacuoles used for flotation
Ex: Actinosphearium |
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Term
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Definition
- Includes majority of sponges
- Spicules composed of silicon dioxide or replaced by spongin (collagen network)
- Nearly all have leuconoid grade of construction
- Diverse marine and fresh water habitats
- Ex: Fire sponge
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Term
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Definition
- Spicules composed of calcium carbonate
- Spicules not usually differentiated into mega- vs microscleres
- Includes species with Asconoid, Synconoid, and Leuconoid body forms
- Marine
- Ex: Scypha
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Term
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Definition
- Glass Sponges
- Spicules composed of silicon dioxide, 6-rayed; complex skeletons
- Radially symmetric
- Syconoid and leuconoid body forms
- Lacks outer pinacoderm layer
- Deep water marine
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