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| a theory that focuses on the rise and fall of the leading global power as the central political process of the modern world system (i.e. rise of germany, then russia/US, then US, a.i.) |
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| the "spirit of the times" or the dominant cultural norms assumed to influence the behavior of people in particular periods |
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-belief in supply and demand
-limit government regulation (laissez faire)
-invisible hand--serving self-interest serves thew public interest |
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| a transnational actor (usually a sovreign state) assumed to be internally united, so that changes in its domestic opinion do not affect its foreign policy as much as do the decisions the actor's leaders make to cope with changes in its global environment |
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| a government trade strategy for accumulating state wealth and power by encouraging exports and discouraging imports (1500-1600s) |
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| the ability to exercise international influence by means of a country's military capabilities |
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| the principle that because in international anarchy all global actors are independent, they must rely on themselves to provide for their security and well being |
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| the theory that peace and stability are most likely to be maintained when military power is distributed to prevent a single superpower hegemon or bloc from controlling the world |
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| geostrategic issues of national and international security that pertain to matters of war and peace |
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| the decisions governing authorities make to realize international goals |
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| the rule of a region by an external sovreign power |
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| a conception of foreign policy that the political actor's foreign policy is undifferentiated to the target, and that acts under a presupposed generalized characteristic |
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individual level- emphasizes psychological and perceptual variables motivating people, such as those who make foreign policy decisions on behalf of states and other global actors. (individual's personal characteristics)
state level-emphasizes internal attributes of states that influence foreign policy (gov type, mil power, economic strngth, etc.)
global level- emphasize impact of worldwide conditions on foreign policy behavior and human welfare (i.e. rich state's power over poor states, UN) |
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| a paradigm based on the premise that world politics is essentially and unchangeably a struggle among self-interested states for power and position under anarchy, with each competing state pursuing its own national interest. (elaborate) |
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| the most powerful countries, militarily and economically, in the global system |
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| the tendency of states and people in competitive interaction to perceive each other similarly--to see others the same way others see them |
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| Communist theory as derived from the writings of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and their successors, which criticizes capitalism as a cause of class struggle, the exploitation of workers, colonialism, and war |
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| the four Asain NICs (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore) that experienced greater rates of economic growth during the 1980s than the more advanced industrial societies of the global north |
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| the 42 year (1945-1991) rivalry between the US and the USSR, as well as their competing coalitions, which sought to contain each other's expansion and win world-wide predominance |
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| a theory hypothesizing that less developed countries are exploited because global capitalism makes them dependent on the rich countries that create exploitive rules for trade and production |
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| the concept that decision maker's capacity to choose the best option is often constrained by many human and organizational obstacles |
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| a security regime agreed to by the great powers that sets the rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest |
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| New International Economic Order |
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| the 1974 policy resolution in the UN that called for a North-South dialogue to open the way for the less-developed countries of the global south to participate more fully in the making of international economic policy |
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| a Cold War term to describe the less-developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America |
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| the general psychological tendency to deny discrepancies between one's preexisting beliefs and new information |
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| the policy of expanding state power through the conquest and/or military domination of foreign territory |
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| conditions in which all participants in exchanges become better off |
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| a collectivity whose people see themselves as members of the same group because they share the same ethnicity, culture, or language |
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| the tendency for one's expectations to evoke behavior that helps to make the expectations become true |
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| a change in the characteristic pattern of interaction among the most active participants in world politics of such magnitude that it appears that one "global system" has replaced another |
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| theorized the "end of history" with the rise of liberal capitalism |
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| theoretical postulate that states' foreign policies are determined by their location, natural resources, and physical environment |
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| the transfer of jobs by a corporation usually headquartered in the Global North country to a global south country able to supply trained workers at lower wages |
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| the formation of competing coalitions or blocs composed of allies that allign with one of the major competing poles, or centers, of power |
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| a policy of withdrawing from active participation with other actors in world affairs and instead concentrating state efforts on internal affairs |
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| the changing list of problems or issues to which governments pay special attention at any given moment |
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| the decisions governing authorities make to realize international goals |
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| the distribution of global power into three or more great-power centers, with most other states allied with one of the rivals |
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theory claiming that the perpetual and widening inequality among states is explained by capitalism's international division of labor and production, which over time allows the wealthy core countries to become richer while the peripheral states that supply raw materials and cheap labor become poorer
(core-periphery |
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| the category of global issues related to economic, social, demographic, and environmental aspects of relations between governments and people |
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| an approach to the analysis of making rational decisions based on observation of how opposing players with conflicting interests react to the kinds of situations such as business or military strategy to calculate gains and losses in order to achieve desired outcomes |
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| a state's supreme authority to manage internal affairs and foreign relations |
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| an approach to evaluating moral choices on the basis of the results of the actions taken |
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| the capacity to co-opt through such intangible factors as the popularity of a state's values and institutions, as opposed to hard power based on the ability to coerce through military might |
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Realist, argued for the state as the highest moral authority of the land. Necessary to keep peace in the chaotic world
Raison d'etat over personal morality |
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| emphasizes gender in the study of world politics |
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| the social psychological theory that international decision making is constrained by formed opinions and tendencies to overreact in crises, that decisions tend to be made based on perceived prospects of choices to fulfill objectives, and that for policy makers, a crucial consideration in taking risks is the perceived prospects for avoiding losses and realizing big gains |
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| hegemonic stability theory |
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| a body of theory that maintains that the establishment of a hegemony for global dominance by a single great power is a necessary condition for global order in commercial transactions and internatinal military security |
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| the dyadic relationships between various actors that is based upon their foreign policies and toward each other and the acts that are the result of those relationships |
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since democratic leaders are accountable to the public, and because ordinary citizens supply the costs of war, leaders are less likely to initiate foreign wars. also, something about perpetual democratic peace due to liberal democracy
-global citizenship, free trade, federation of peaceful democracies |
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| the money earned by immigrants working in rich countries (which almost always exceeds the income they could earn working in their home country) that they send to their families in their country |
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| a mind-set glorifying a particular state and the nationality group living in it, which sees the state's interest as a supreme value |
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| an exchange in a purely conflictual relationship in which what is gained by one competitor is lost by the other |
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| a model or essential pattern; structures thought about an area of inquiry |
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| a strategy of making concessions to another state in the hope that satisfied, it will not make additional claims |
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| the periodic reemergence of conditions similar to those that existed previously |
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| a paradigm predicted on the hope that the application of reason and universal ethics to international relations can lead to a more orderly, just, and cooperative world; assumes that anarchy and war can be policed by institutional reforms that empower international organization and law |
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a condition in which power is concentrated in two competing centers so that the rest of the states define their allegiances in terms of their relationships with both rival great-power superstates or poles
(Cold War) |
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| an individual, group, state, or organization that plays a major role in world politics |
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| the processes, economic and political, through which a country develops to increase its capacity to meet its citizens' basic human needs and raise their standard of living |
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| a condition in which the units in the global system are subjected to few if any overarching institutions to regulate their conduct |
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| an independent legal entity with a government exercising exclusive control over a territory and the population it governs |
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| the separation of a country into two sectors, the first modern and prosperous centered in cities, and the second at the margin, neglected and poor |
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| economic assistance in the form of loans and grants provided by a donor country to a recipient country for a variety of purposes |
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| theoretical approach advocated by alexander wendt that sees self-interested states as the key actors in world politics; their actions are determined not by anarchy but by the ways that states socially construct and then accept images of reality and then and later respond to the meanings given to power politics. As consensual definitions change, it is possible for either conflictual or cooperative practices to evolve |
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| decision-making procedures guided by careful definition of situations, weighing of goals, consideration of all alternatives, and selection of the options most likely to achieve the highest goals |
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| prolonged competition fueled by deep-seated mutual hatred that leads opposed actors to feud and fight over a long period of time without resolution of their conflict |
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| the degree to which military and economic capabilities are concentrated in the global system that determines the number of centers of power or poles |
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| a view of development in the global north's liberal democracies that wealth is created through efficient production, free enterprise, and free trade, and that countries relative wealth depends on technological innovation and education more than on natural endowments such as climate and resources |
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independent states connected by commerce
free trade will bind people together into a peaceful society |
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| the theory that although democratic states sometimes wage wars against nondemocratic states, they do not fight each other |
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| the theoretical outlook prescribing that countries should increase their power in order to compete and dominate other countries |
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| similar to Hobbes, state is highest authority, realist |
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