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| the principle that information is often simultaneously processed. |
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| our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
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| the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
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| failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
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| failing to notice changes in the environment |
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| the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
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| rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. |
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| the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
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| periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation |
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| false sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. |
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| the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
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Stage one: slowed breathing and irregular brain waves. may experience hallucinations.
Stage 2: characterized by the periodic appearance of sleep spindles--bursts of rapid, rhythmic brainwave activity
Stage 3: transitional
Stage 4: deep sleep, delta waves
REM sleep: about an hour after we fall asleep, for 10 min. |
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1. Helping us recuperate
2. making memories
3. creative thinking
4. plays a role in the growth process |
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| recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep |
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| a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may slip directly into REM sleep at the most inopportune times. |
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| a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. |
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| a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
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| a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dream's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. |
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| According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden manifest content) |
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| according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). |
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Information-processing: To file away memories
Physiological: to develop and preserve neural pathways.
Activation- synthesis: to make sense of neural static.
Freud: To satisfy our own wishes.
To reflect cognitive development |
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| the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep.) |
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| a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur |
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| a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session to carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.. |
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| dissociation (divided consciousness theory) |
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| a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
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| rather than divided consciousness of dissociation is just a trust and absorption with the hypnotists role. |
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| chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods |
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| the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. |
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| the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |
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| a physiological need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
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| a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
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| compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences. |
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| drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
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| drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. |
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| opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
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| drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and even more powerful cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
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| drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. |
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| a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
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| a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
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| psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
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| a powerful hallucinogenic drug; aka acid. |
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| an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. |
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| the active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations. |
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