Term
| What are three types of political parties? |
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Definition
| Competitive political parties, anti-regime parties, and power monopolizing parties. |
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Term
| What is political subculture? |
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Definition
| it is political culture that deviates from the dominant culture in key respects. |
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Term
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Definition
| the behavior that is calculates to maximize ones gains and minimize ones loses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressivism is a political attitude that works toward change or reform. It is opposite of conservatism, and serves as an alternative to conservative or radical views. |
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Term
| What are the 4 points that the ideology of fascism are based on? |
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Definition
| Mass mobilization, totalitarianism, racism, hyper-nationalism. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the Gross National Product and the Gross Domestic Product? |
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Definition
| GNP refers to the total amount of goods and services produced by a country's economy in a specific time period. GDP is the total output in good and service of a country's domestic economy. |
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Term
| What is the North-South gap? |
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Definition
| The n-s gap is often used to describe the economic state of the international political economy. It basically describes a sharp divide between the wealthy countries in the 'north' and the less developed countries in the 'south'. |
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Term
| What is meant by the zero-sum game and how can that apply to this course? |
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Definition
| this is when one player's loss is equal to another player's gain. this can apply to elections. When one candidate loses votes, another candidate gains votes. |
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Term
| what are three types of attitudinal pattern that describe how people relate to society? |
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Definition
| The three divisions are attitudes toward authority, attitude toward society and attitude toward politics. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a political and economic system in which private enterprise (capitalism) is abolished and replaced by some form of common ownership of factories, farms, and other productive enterprises. |
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Term
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Definition
| The body of law developed as a result of custom and judicial decisions, as distinct form the law laid down by legislative assemblies. Common law forms the basis of all law that is applied in England and most of the U.S. |
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Term
| How are postindustrial economies characterized? |
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Definition
| More than half the work force works in the service industry, instead of manufacturing and agriculture. |
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Term
| What is political economy? |
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Definition
| Political economy is the study of how communities pursue collective economic goals and deal with conflicts over resources and other economic factors in an authoritative way be means of government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rational choice is a choice or decision that is consciously calculated to maximize gains and minimize risks and losses |
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Term
| What is a dependent variable and what is an independent variable? |
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Definition
| a dependent variable is the existence or success of democracy and the independent variable is political culture. |
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Term
| What is subject population? Example? |
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Definition
| A subject population is one where the governmnet orders people around and the populations acts according to those orders. it is a very passive society. Mexico ten years ago is a great example of one. |
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Term
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Definition
| A market economy is an economic system in which prices are determined mainly by supply and demand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monetarism is an economic theory that emphasizes the links between a country's money supply and such phenomena as inflation and economic growth. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a centripetal party system and a centrifugal party system? |
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Definition
| A centripetal party system is one tha favors moderate, centrist parties rather than extremeist ones. A centrifugal system is one in which the leading parties and large numbers of voters tend toward the extremes of right and left. |
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Term
| What counts as a party? This question can be answered by stating the three main tasks of a political party/ |
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Definition
| Leadership recruitment and training; interest aggression; linkage (citizenship to government) |
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Term
| political culture is the tradition orientation of the citizens of a nation toward what? |
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Definition
| Politics, affecting their perceptions of political legitimacy. |
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Term
| What is political socialization? |
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Definition
| The process whereby individuals learn about politics and the political culture of their society. |
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Term
| What is proletariat in a communist state? |
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Definition
| The proletariat refers to the industrial working class in a communist nation |
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Term
| Political ideologies have two dimensions, what are they? |
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Definition
1. goals: how society should function or be organized.
2. Methods: The most appropriate way to achieve this goal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixed economy is an economy that combines both private enterprises and state involvement in the country's economic affairs. |
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Term
| For the newly independent states following WWII, socialism meant two things. What were they? |
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Definition
1. opposition to western neo-colonialism
2. a powerful role for he state in organizing the national economy. |
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Term
| What are interest groups? |
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Definition
| organizations that speak up for the interests and demands of particular groups of people, often with the aim of influencing the state to do something in their behalf. |
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Term
| What are Particularistic Parties? |
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Definition
| parties that confine their appeal to a particular segments of the population. |
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Term
| What are Public Nation Debt and Budget deficit? |
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Definition
| Public Nation Debt is the amount of money that national government owes its creditors as home and abroad. The public Nation Debt can increase over time at the result of budget deficit. Budget deficit occurs when a government spends more than it takes in. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Socialism and Capitalism? |
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Definition
Socialism is a political and economic system; refers to an economic system that directly maximizes use-values as opposed to exchange-values and has transcended commodity production and wage labor, along with a corresponding set of social and economic relations, including the organization of economic institutions and method of resource allocation; often implying a methods of compensation based on individual merit, the amount of labor expended or individual contribution.
Capitalism is an economic system where capital and land, the non-labor factors of production (also known as the means of production), are privately owned; labor, goods and resources are traded in markets;and profit, is distributed to the owners invested in technologies and industries. The pervasiveness of wage labor is another important feature of capitalism, which depends in the non-labor income derived from property not intended for the owner's personal use. |
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Term
| They year 1776 produced two classic manifestos of political and economic liberty. What were they? |
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Definition
| The Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" |
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Term
| High importance of religion, obedience favored over independence, and strong pride in nationality indicate what kind of values in a nation? |
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Definition
| Weak secular-rational values |
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Term
| What is the permissive State-interventionist state dichotomy |
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Definition
| It is the main dichotomy which deals with attitude towards the state and features to those who favor a weak government on one side, and a strong government on the other side. |
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Term
| What is social-welfare liberalism? |
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Definition
| It means active government intervention in the economy and society for the purpose of promoting economic growth, community welfare, and social justice. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflation that exceeds 50% per month. |
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Term
| Define and explain the duties of a central bank. |
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Definition
| A central bank is the national government's official bank. Its duties include determining how much money to print, to provide loans to commercial banks, and the buying and selling of government bonds. All these actions help managing inflation. |
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Term
| What is the IMF and what do they do? |
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Definition
| The IMF stands for the International Monetary Fund. It is the international organization that oversees the global financial system. Their main objective is stabilizing international exchange rates and facilitating development. |
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Term
| Why are the IMF and World Bank referred to as the 'lenders of last resort'? |
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Definition
| The IMF and World Bank have earned the title ' lender sof last resort' because almost any form of loaned money would be more advantageous and preferable to a national government to borrow from. This is mostly due to the strict policies and implements which national governments must enforce in order to receive the money. Examples of these policies include currency devaluation and limiting or ending any forms of protectionist trade policy (tariffs, subsidies, etc.) |
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Term
| What is the dependency theory? |
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Definition
| This theory asserts that the advanced capitalist countries of the North dominate the world economy and constitute its metropolis. The poor countries are relegated to the periphery of the world capitalist system and are treated as satellites if rich industrialized nations and remain economically dependent on them. |
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Term
| Why are the Third World countries at a permanent disadvantage? |
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Definition
| They are at a disadvantage because the terms of trade for their imports and exports favor the rich nations on them. |
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Term
| What is political development? |
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Definition
| The development of the institutions, attitudes, and values that form the political power system of a society. |
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Term
| What kind of elected body is the House of Commons and who are they known as? |
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Definition
| The commons is a democracy elected body, consisting of 650 members, who are known as Members of Parliament. |
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Term
| What is the difference between "underdeveloped" economies and "undeveloped" economies? |
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Definition
| Underdeveloped economies are ready to grow, like the U.S. in mid-nineteenth century. Undeveloped economies suffer from chronic, seemingly eternal low growth and mass poverty. |
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Term
| Developing countries make up what percent of the world's population? |
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Definition
| Developing countries make up 85% of the world's population. |
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Term
| What is the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in economies? |
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Definition
| Primary sectors are focused to raw material extraction, secondary sectors are focused on manufacturing those materials into finished goods, and tertiary sectors are focused on providing services rather that goods. |
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Term
| After WWII, most of the nations of Asia and Africa that had been colonized by Britain, France, and other European powers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries gained their independence, the process was known as...? |
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Definition
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