Term
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Definition
| Digestion is the process of breaking down foods into nutrients to prepare for absorption while overcoming 7 challenges |
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Term
Digestion:
What is the gastrointestinal tract? |
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Definition
a long, hollow tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus
the function of the GI tract is to ingest, digest, and absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste |
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Term
Digestion:
what are the assisting organs of the GI tract?
what are the specific parts of the GI tract? |
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Definition
assisting organs:
salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallblader
specific parts:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
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Term
Digestion:
what are the physical movements of digestion? |
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Definition
peristalsis- waves of muscular contractions that transport food & nutrients along the length of the GI tract
segmentation- waves of muscular contractions that occur in the small intestine, divides moves the chyme (food mixed with various secretions) along the tract |
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Term
Digestion:
what is the chemical breakdown of digestion? |
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Definition
| enzymes divide nutrients into compounds small enough for absorption |
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Term
Digestion:
what are enzymes? |
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Definition
| enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction. |
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Term
Digestion:
give an overview of digestion
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Definition
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Term
Absorption:
Give an overview of absoption |
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Definition
| food is broken apart during digestion and moved from the GI tract into circulation and on to the cells |
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Term
Absorption:
many nutrients, such as bitamins minerals and water, do not need to be digested before they are absorbed. But the energy-yielding nutrients are too large to be absorbed intact and must be digested first.
what are the energy-yielding nutrients? |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, proteins, fats |
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Term
Absorption:
what is passive diffuision? |
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Definition
| the movement of molecules through the cell membrane without the use of energy |
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Term
Absorption:
what is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
| special protein channels help substances cross the cell membrane. the diffusing molecule becomes lightly bound to a protein channel that changes shape to open a pathway for the diffusing molecules to enter or exit the cell. |
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Term
Absorption:
what is active transport? |
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Definition
| the movement of substances into or out of cells, requiring the use of energy and involves carrier proteins (transport proteins) inthe cell membrane |
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Term
Digestion- Assisting Organs:
how many salivary glands do we have?
what is the purpose of it? |
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Definition
we have 3 paris of salivary glands that secrete saliva into the oral cavity
Saliva moistens food, lubricating it for easy swallowing.
saliva also contains enzymes that begin the process of chemical digestion |
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Term
Digestion- Assisting Organs:
what is the purpose of the liver? |
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Definition
the liver produces and secretes bile daily
the liver is also a detoxification center that filters toxic substances and alters their chemical forms. |
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Term
Digestion- Assisting Organs:
what is bile?
where is located? |
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Definition
bile is a yellow-green, pasty material , acting as an emulsifier reducing large globs of fat into smaller globs.
bile is produced by the liver and then concentrated in your gallbladder and released to the small intestine on demand. |
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Term
Digestion- Assisting Organs:
what is the gallblader?
what is the primary function of the gallblader?
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Definition
the gallblader is a small, muscular sac on the right underside of the liver.
the gallblader stores and concentrates bile from the liver. it is then releaed into the small intestine where where bile helps to prepare fats for digestion |
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Term
Digestion- Assisting Organs:
what is the pancreas? |
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Definition
the pancreas secretes enzymes that affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
the fluid the pancreas secretes contains water, bicarbonate and digestive enzymes
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Term
| what is salivary amylase? |
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Definition
saliva contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which breaks down starch into small sugar molecules
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Term
| what is the lingual lipase? |
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Definition
| to start the process of fat digestion, the cells at the base of the tongue secrete another enzyme, the lingual lipase. |
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Term
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Definition
| the food pipe that extends from the pharynx to the stomach, transporting food to the stomach |
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Term
| what is the esophageal sphincter? |
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Definition
the opening between the esophagus and the stomach that relaxes and opens to allow the chewed food to travel into the stomach, and then closes behind it.
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Term
| what does the hydrochloric acid do? |
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Definition
| it prepares the protein for digestion and activates the enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| it begins protein digestion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the hormone gastrin do? |
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Definition
| it stimulates gastric secretion and movement |
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Term
| what is the intrinsic factor? |
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Definition
| it is needed for absorption of vitamin B12 |
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Term
| what are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
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Definition
1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum |
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