Term
|
Definition
| traditionalists who believed that a caliph should be elected to lead the Muslim communit for llife, and they affirm that the first four caliphs were legitimate successors of muhammad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successor of the caliphate after Abu Bakr's death, he expanded Islamic control over Egypt, Persia, and Jerusalem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| line of succession for the caliphate established by My'awiyah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successor of the caliphate after Umar's murder, he was murdered by those who believed that the caliph should be a descendant of the Prophet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an Islamic revival movement that preaches an orthodox message of traditional Islam and emphasizes a strict monotheism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the third of the Five Pillars of Islam, it obligates Muslims to pay tithes for the poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The First caliph after the death of Muhammad; tradition claims that the prophet chose him to become caliph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Son-in-law of the Prophet who Shiite Muslims regard as the true successor to Muhammad. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Almighty God who Muslims believe is identical to Adonai, the God of the Jews, and the Heavenly Father of Christianity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An annual festival commemorating Hussein's martydom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that predestination is true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The five fundamental principles of faith for Muslims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to make choices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a non-canonical scripture but a major source of Islamic jurisprudence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The annual pilgrimage to Mecca that is the fifth pillar of Islam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muhammad's great migration from Mecca to Yathrib in 622 C.E.; it is viewed as the beginning of the Islamic Era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Son of 'Ali who was martyred at the battle of Karbala |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man who began the Wahhabi movement in the Arabian peninsula in the eighteenth century C.E. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The consensus of legal scholars called muftis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arabic word meaning "surrender" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arabic word meaning "Holy War"; there are two types of Jihad-the greater jihad and the lesser jihad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desert spirits who were believed to exist by Arabians prior to the arrival of Muhammad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ancient shrine housing a black meteorite stone, it became the major shrine in Islam and remains a site of pilgrimage to this day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of battle between 'Ali's sons Mu'awiyah's army that eventually led to secure Mu'awiyah's caliphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first President of Turkey who secularized Turkey in 1924 while initiating a modernizing program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The religious center of Islam and Islam's Holy City |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| City Muhammad fled in 622 C.E. to avoid persecution in Mecca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fourth caliph who centralized authority in Damascus rather than Medina and established a prosperous and expensive empire called the Umayyad Dynasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A fighter for the path of God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arabic word meaning "one who surrenders" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief God has predetermined all future events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of analogical arguments and draw on precedents to make legal decisions about issues not directly addressed in the Qur'an or the Shariah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sacred book of Islam that is revered as the divinely inspired word of God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The month of fasting that commemorates the revelation of the Qur'an to Muhammad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The second of the Five Pillars of Islam, it requires five daily prayers so that the believer is constantly reminded of God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Islamic confession of faith that states that there is a no God but God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Islamic law that makes no distinction between religion and state, extending Islamic governance over every area of social and individual life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The partisans of 'Ali who do not recognize the authority or leadership of the caliph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| War started by Israeli preemptive attack on Syria, Jordan, and Egypt; war led to Israel's capture of Jerusalem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muslim mystics who practice personal devotion to God-ultimately seeking union with God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sayings and deeds of the Prophet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The founder of Islam who preached that there was only one God, Allah, and that he was Allah's messenger. |
|
|
