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Introduction to World Religions (College Network)
Lesson 4 Vocab
41
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/12/2014

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Term
anatman
Definition
a doctrine of the Buddha that emphasizes the self, or "I," is nothing but a succession of mental states
Term
anicca
Definition
a doctrine that teaches that life consists of continual change
Term
Arhat
Definition
a Theravada Buddhist who has reached nirvana
Term
bhikshu
Definition
a disciple of the Buddha that imitates the Buddha's life and practises
Term
Bodhidharma
Definition
legendary figure who taught that all that was needed for salvation was direct insight achieved by meditation
Term
Bodhisattva
Definition
an individual who through compassion, wisdom, and good merit has earned nirvana but refuses release, instead choosing to be reborn over and over again to help others reach nirvana
Term
Bodhisattva vow
Definition
a commitment ofter made by Hahayana Buddhists that commits one to saving all beings, overcoming all lists, learining all spiritual truths, and attaining Buddhahood
Term
Buddha
Definition
meaning "the Enlightened One," he is recognized as the founder of Buddhism
Term
Ch'an Buddhism
Definition
form of buddhism that emphasizes the importance of mediation and dimishes that importances of Buddhist teachings
Term
Dalai Lama
Definition
the spiritual leader and head of state in Tibet, he is believed to be the incarnation of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avalokiteshvara
Term
Deer Park sermon
Definition
Buddha's first sermon where he told his followers followers that there were two extremes to avoid: the path of pleasure and lust
Term
dukha
Definition
a feeling of suffering or sorrow that results from striving for things and worrying about how to get them or fearing the loss of those things
Term
Eightfold Path
Definition
a practice guideline that shows how to understand the noble truths and shows the was to cease craving, to overcome suffering, and to attain nirvana through correct conduct
Term
Four Noble Truths
Definition
the four most important principles of Buddhism and the heart of the Buddha's dharma
Term
four sights legend
Definition
four things, old age, sickness, death, and religious ascetics, the Buddha's father prevented him from seeing until the Vedic gods intervened. It ultimately led Buddha to leave his priviliged life and devote himself to a life of renunciation
Term
King Ashoka
Definition
ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India who converted to Buddhism, and hoping to unify his empire, he enjoined his subjects to live by Buddhist ethical principles
Term
Lotus Sutra
Definition
a widely held and deeply regarded guide to salvation , it shows the Buddha talking about the nature of Buddhahood and the Bodhisattva ideal
Term
Mahayana
Definition
A type of Buddhism that is considered the was of compassion and wisdom: it emphasizes direct, personal religious experiences
Term
mandalas
Definition
relifious pictures containing ornate geometric designs of concentric layers of circles and squares containing circles whose shared center is the focal point
Term
middle way
Definition
Buddha's idea of a life of moderation; it offers a clue to the solution for overcoming suffering and impermanence
Term
mudras
Definition
symbolic hand gestures used in ritual or religious art
Term
Nichiren
Definition
type of Buddhism that emphasizes the teaching of the Lotus Sutra and can be understood as a socio-political school as well as a religio-philosophical movement
Term
nirvana
Definition
the ultimate goal of Theravada Buddhism - exit fro existences
Term
Pali Canon
Definition
also known as the Tripitaka, it consist of teaching about monastic rules and discipline, sermons, teachings, stories, treatises, and scholarly
Term
pure land
Definition
type fo Buddhism that focuses entirely on the Amitabha Budda known as the Amida Buddha in East Asia
Term
renunciation
Definition
Buddha's hoping for escaping from impermanence and suffering, he lived a strict and rigorous lifestyle of punishing self-denial
Term
Sangha
Definition
the community of the Buddhist religious monks
Term
sannyasin
Definition
a wandering holy man that lived an ascetic life committed to self renunciation
Term
Second Council
Definition
a debate that was held to settle disputes about Vinaya, monastic rules
Term
Siddhartha Gautama Shakya
Definition
the original name of the man who was to become known as the Buddha or Shakyamuni Buddha
Term
stupas
Definition
shrines made of mounds of dirt where they kept
Buddha's remains
Term
sutras
Definition
speeches of Buddha that were written on palm leaves and kept in baskets and were compiled over hundreds of years
Term
T'ien Tai
Definition
type of Buddhism that priviledges the Lotus Sutra as the ultimate guide to salvation
Term
The Great Escape
Definition
the events of Buddha's life when he renounced his life of privilige by leaving his family and home behind in hopes of escaping from impermanence and suffering
Term
Theravada
Definition
type of Buddhism that considers the historical Buddha to be the only Buddha and believes that Buddhism largely consists of imitating the life and practices of the Buddha as originally taught by the elders
Term
Third Council
Definition
Meeting formed by King Ashoka to reform Buddhism in the hope of preserving and maintaining orthodox Buddhism
Term
Three Bodies of the Buddha
Definition
doctrine that signifies the mystical presence of the Buddha in three modalities; the Wisdom of the Buddha, the Celestial Body of Bliss, and the body of Transformation
Term
Tripitaka
Definition
also known as the Pali Canon and the "Three Baskets," it is Theravada literature that consist of teachings about monastic rules and discipline, sermons, teachings, stories, treatises, and scholarly commentary
Term
Vajrayana
Definition
also known as Tibetan Buddhism, it is a unique synthesis of Mahayana Buddhism and the indegenous Tibetan shamanistic religion called Bon
Term
Vipassana
Definition
a form of meditation that focuses on inhaling and exhaling and also focuses on contemplation of Buddha's sutras
Term
Zen
Definition
type of Buddhism that teaches that the Buddha's dharma can be directly experienced through deep meditation
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