Central social organization among humans

Learn gender, establish norms, learn who to have sex with

Main line of defense socially and economically

Raising children

Establishing norms

Lay out rules about who to have sex with

Married couple living together and raising their children

Less than 25% of US households

Cohabitation

Median marriage age increasing

Single parent households

Homosexual partnerships

Divorce rates

Family Institution Interactions

Household work and paid labor force

Raising children to get jobs

Government legalities to marriage

Power in the family

Access to resources

Allows family members to define others' realities

Have their own needs met

Access to more resources

Men have more decision making and resource allocation power than women

Women have more power in day-to-day decisions

Boyfriend asking father for her hand in marriage

Father giving away daughter

Wearing white to symbolize purity

Engagement ring

Naming of children

Head-compliment

Junior partner/Senior partner

Equal Partner Model

Practiced by the working class

Basic needs most essential

Children have much free time

Practiced by the middle class

Children involved in many organized activities and are taught lessons outside of school that will prepare them for the working world

Sacrifice all for their children

Providing social and educational opportunities

Organizing children's life outside of school

Buying food, caring for family, garden/yard work, routine care of vehicles

Women do these more and married women do these more than their spouses

Factories moved labor from families to public

Growing urban centers

Double day of work has been around for 100 years

Primary Labor Market

Secondary Labor Market

Working Class

Industry, production, factory work

Middle Class jobs

Office or professional work

Women make less than men

Minority women make even less than white women

30% of American households

Make less than 200% of the poverty level

"Welfare Queen"

61% of food stamps go to whites

Temporary Aid for Needy Families

Time limits on benefits

Work requirements

Music is now easy to get and has helped give women a voice

However, women are often sexualized

Acts of itimidation or harassment

Harm that evolved from imbalance in power between men and women

Most violence towards women occur in their own home

Women are 10x more likely to be assaulted by partner then men

Sex without consent

Penetration of any bodily orifice by a penis or object without consent

Force-only rape

Battering rape

Sadistic/Obsessive rape

Most race occurs within the same racial group

Black men more likely to be accused and convicted of rape

See women as something lower than them

Internalized sexism gives them the right to do so

Repressed anger

Sexual abuse of children by a family member or somebody with a kinship role in the child's life

1/3 of victims are under 6

Vaginal, oral, or rectal penetration

Sexual rubbing or inappropriate touching

Body and mouth kissing

Speaking to a child like they're your spouse

Inappropriate references to a child's body

Sexualizing children and violating boundaries

Children often partake in uncohersed sexual play but grow out of it

Where there is a threat or intimidation, or one is much older than the other then it is incest

All forms of social organization representing official power in society

They govern law and social policy

State does not always regulate and control social order fairly

Civil Rights movement, affirmative action