Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sampling people from an unrepresentative sample (by using imperfect sampling techniques) |
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Definition
| Respondents themselves are the source of the bias |
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Term
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Definition
| changes that occur more or less across the board in avery laerge group of people such as nation or culture - internal validity threat |
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Definition
| Specific developmental or experiential changes that occur in a particular person, or age cohort, over time - internal validity threat |
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Term
| Regression toward the mean |
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Definition
| Tendency for people who receive high or low scores on a particular measure to score closer to the mean on a subsequent testing |
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Definition
| Increases in productivity that occur when workers know they are being studied |
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Definition
| Tendency for most participants to perform better on a test or personality measure the second time they take it - threat to internal validity |
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Term
| Experimental attrition or mortality |
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Definition
| The failure of some of the participants in an experiment to complete the study |
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Term
| Homogeneous or simple attrition |
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Definition
| Studies in which there is an equal level of attrition across all the experimental conditions |
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Term
| Hetergeneous or differential attrition |
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Definition
| Occurs when the attrition rates in two or more conditions of an experiment are noticeably different |
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Term
| Participant reaction bias |
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Definition
| Occurs when people realize they are being studied and behave in ways that they normally wouldn't |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur when participants, consciously or unconsciously, try to behave in ways they believe to be consistent with the experimenter's hypothesis |
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Definition
| Characteristics of an experiment itself that subtly suggest how people are expected to behave |
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Definition
| Tendency of participants to try to disconfirm an experimenter's hypothesis |
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Definition
| People's conerns about being judged favorably or unfavorably by another person |
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Term
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Definition
| A false and often elaborate story about the nature and purpose of the study |
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Term
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Definition
| In the case of studies making use of unobtrusive measurements, research participants do not realize that they are being studied at all |
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Definition
| When experimenter's expectations about their stuies bias their experimental observations |
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Definition
| Both the experimenter and the research participants are kept unaware of the participant's treatment conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| A broad term used to identify any situation in which some additional variable (a) varies systematically with the independent variable and (b) also varies systematically with the dependent variable - internal validity threat p. 159 |
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Term
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Definition
| A broad term for important but overlooked variables that are held constant in a given study or set of studies - external validity threat |
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