Term
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Definition
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite changing external conditions
Concept was imposed by Claude Bernard |
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Definition
type of homeostatic mechanism
The response to a stimulus reduces that stimulus (eg control of temperature) |
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Definition
type of homeostatic mechanism
the response to a stimulus increases that stimulus (eg child birth uterine contractions -> oxytocin -> stronger contractions) |
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Definition
a type of homeostatic mechanism
a change occurs in the animal in anticipation of a stimulus
(eg thought of food -> salivate and secretion of HCl) |
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Term
| fates of ingested energy in animals |
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Definition
It can be stored or used for other growth
It can be used to do work inside or outside the body
It can be excreted
It can be released as heat |
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Term
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Definition
energy use per unit of time
heat loss - kcal/hr or kJ/hr
O2 uptake - mL O2/min
CO2 release - mL CO2/min |
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Term
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Definition
the metabolic rate of an endotherm that is necessary to maintain the basic processes of life.
determined at the temperature where metabolic rate is minimal
has to be resting but awake
not digesting food
cannot be thermoregulate
not hibernating |
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Term
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Definition
| the metabolic rate of a resting, fasting ectotherm at a given temperature |
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Term
| differences in metabolic rates |
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Definition
resting ectotherms have higher metabolic rates than resting ectotherms
Large animals have higher metabolic rates than small animals
Small animals have higher metabolic rates per unit body mass than large animals |
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Definition
| a group of cells that cooperate closely in the performance of certain tasks and processes |
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Term
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Definition
consists of sheets of cellls that enclose structures or the entire animal
the tissue acts as an interface between different structures or between the organism and environment
containment (skin)
defence (skin)
absorption, exchange (small intestine)
movement - ciliated cells in lung passageway
sensory detection - rod cell of eye |
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Term
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Definition
consists of cells suspended in an amorphous, acellular matrix. Main function is to bind and support other tissues
Matrix is fibers (collagen) and ground substance (chondroitin sulfate, CA2+, Mg2+, PO3 2-) |
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Term
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Definition
contains cells capable of contraction, thus creating movement
contractile
- recieve and pass along electrical signals
- expends a lot of energy |
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Definition
transmits and integrate electrical signals
transmits, integrate electrical signals
high rates of energy expenditure |
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Term
| Describe what is wrong with this statement: "Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions despite varying external conditions." |
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Definition
| The mechanisms of homeostasis do not maintain constant internal conditions, but they keep variation within fairly tight limits. Human body temperature, for example, is often stated as being 37o C. However, parts of your body or your entire body can depart a degree or two (or more) from this value without serious consequences. |
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| If you ate nothing but 100 moles of glucose over the course of a few days, and if you did not experienced net weight gain or perform any external work, how many moles of carbon atoms would you either excrete or release as CO2? |
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Definition
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| Why do ectotherms not have a basal metabolic rate? |
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Definition
| The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimum metabolic rate of an endotherm. This rate will be observed at a certain temperature. If the temperature rises, the MR of the animal rises also, as cooling mechanisms (which need energy) kick in. If the temperature falls, the MR of the animal also rises, as heating mechanisms kick in.Among ectotherms, however, the animal does not control its temperature by means of these energy-requiring processes. If the temperature falls, the temperature and MR of the animal keep falling too, with no minimum value reached until death. |
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| Identify the tissue types responsible for the following functions: a) secreting gastric juice in the stomach; b) understanding this question; c) giving shape to the outer ear; d) absorbing nutrients in the duodenum; e) raising your finger to salute the driver who cut you off in traffic; f) carrying oxygen to your liver. |
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Definition
| a) epithelial; b) nervous; c) connective (cartilage); d) epithelial; e) nervous and muscle; f) connective (blood) |
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