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| Ruling Dynasty in the area that is now Iran during the 15th-17th century.b Responsible for bringing Shiism to Iran and even today is the only Islamic nation that is 99% Shiite. |
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| slave soldiers usually made of of captive of war. These soldier made of part of the Seljuk Toolkit and became an essential part of every regime that followed the Seljuks whether they were called ghazis, janissaries, or Mamluks with a capital "M". |
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Mamluk leader who defeats the Crusaders in 1291, a feat no one else had been able to do. This success helped Saladin establish his own regime, taking power from the already weakends Sultanate and creating a new dynasty, the MAMLUKS.
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| Guardians that were sent to distant provinces to overseas governance until the young princes themselves could take over themselves. However, most atabegs gained so much power and support that princes typically either became ruler in name only (letting the atabeg do the real ruling), fleed with no contest, or met their untimely death. |
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| sayings of the prophet. Hadith are supplements to the Qur'an to guide Muslims on how to live a Godly life. |
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| members of the ruling elite in the Ottoman Empire. Influenced by ethics of the military, these elites included the Sultan, Divan, scribes, tax collectors, the Grand Vizier, their families, etc., They saw themselves as warriors and defenders |
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| most loyal, feared, and effective part of the Ottoman Empire army. First standing army used in Europe since the Roman army. They are always on call, always paid and often of sevile origin (part of the human tax paid by the Balkans). They eventually began to loose their effectiveness once the group became hereditary versus trained and the state became unable to pay them. |
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| collection of civil reforms and "modern improvements" in the Ottoman Empire directed to solve the decline of the empire. Resulted in the 1876 constitution. |
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| an order of sufism. indicating the "way" or "path". |
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| complete trust, fear, and submission to Allah. |
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| Salafiyya Movement. literally means "our pious forefathers" one of many responses to the challenge of Modernity. Said that people should open the gate of ij tihad: every generation must re-interpret the law and the meaning of the shari'ia |
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| Three points about the nature of the tension between Islamic Mysticism and Islamic Law and how it has been resolved |
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Why has the historical trajectory of Iran differed from that of the Ottoman Empire
three examples |
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| Major ideological responses from Middle Eastern-societies to the challenge of modernity since the later 19th century? list three examples |
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Military Reform
Islamic Reform
nationalism |
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