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Introduction To Sociology
Chapter 9 - Global Inequality
40
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/05/2011

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Term
What is Globalization?
Definition
The emergence of worldwide markets and communications that increasingly ignore national boundaries.
Term
What is Colonialism?
Definition
The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
Term
What is neocolonialism?
Definition
Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
Term
What is a World systems analysis?
Definition
A view of the global economic system as one divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited.
Term
What is Dependency Theory?
Definition
An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
Term
What is Multinational corporation?
Definition
A commercial organization that is headquartered in one country but does business throughout the world.
Term
What is modernization?
Definition
The far-reaching process by which periphery nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
Term
What is Gross National Product (GNP)?
Definition
The value of a nation's goods and products.
Term
What is Modernization Theory?
Definition
A functionalist approach that proposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of eople in developing nations.
Term
What are borderlands?
Definition
The area of common culture along the border between Mexico and the US.
Term
What are remittances?
Definition
The monies that immigrants return to their families of origin. Also called migradollars.
Term
What are human rights?
Definition
Universal moral rights possessed by all people because they are human.
Term
In viewing the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those from which capital is taken, sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein shows which sociological perspective?
Definition
The Conflict perspective.
Term
What are the components of Wallerstein's world systems theory?
Definition
The core, The semiperiphery, & the periphery.
Term
Which nation would Wallerstein classify as a core country within the world economic system?
Definition
Germany.
Term
Which nation would Wallerstein classify as on the periphery of the world economic system?
Definition
Mexico.
Term
Sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein's method of analysis is the most widely used version of which theory?
Definition
Dependency theory.
Term
What does global factory mean?
Definition
Factories throughout the world run by multinational corporations.
Term
Which perspective argues that multinational corporations can actually help the developing nations of the world?
Definition
Functionalist perspective.
Term
Which solciological perspective emphasizes that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits?
Definition
The conflict perspective.
Term
According to ranking by revenues, the largest industrial company in the world is what?
Definition
Wal-Mart.
Term
In a map of the world drawn to reflect the number of poor people in each country, what area would be the smallest?
Definition
The United States.
Term
About how many of the world's people live on less that two dollars a day?
Definition
3 Billion.
Term
Which perspective is the modernization theory associated with?
Definition
The functionalist perspective.
Term
In one example of social stratification, the Japanese find it difficult to sit, talk or eat together unless the relative rankings of those present have been established. Usually through which practice?
Definition
Meisha.
Term
The Japanese minority group known as the Burakumin constitutes a low-status what?
Definition
Subculture.
Term
Mobility patterns in industrialized countries are usually associated with what?
Definition
Intergenerational Mobility.
Term
Which nation has the largest gap in between its most affluent and least affluent residents?
Definition
Brazil.
Term
What types of close relationships does the US and Mexico have?
Definition
Cultural, Economic, & Political.
Term
What is a mestizo?
Definition
Mexico's large, impoverished majority, most of whom have brown skin and a mixed racial lineage due to intermarriage.
Term
What percent of the labor force do women now constitute in Mexico?
Definition
42%
Term
In countries like India, what percentage of the population can obtain the lifestyles portrayed in the media?
Definition
A very small percentage.
Term
What are the long lasting effects of foreign investment by multinationals?
Definition
It eventually increases economic inequality within developing nations.
Term
The long reign of the British Empire over much of North America, parts of Africa, and India is an example of what?
Definition
Colonial Domination.
Term
Dependency theory can be regarded as an application of which perspective on a global scale?
Definition
The Conflict perspective.
Term
The technological disconnect between developing and industrial nations is known as what?
Definition
Global Disconnect.
Term
What percentage of adults in the US have a high school education? What about those in Mexico.
Definition
87% in US. 13% in Mexico.
Term
Becoming integrated into the global economy is not possible without what?
Definition
Access to the internet.
Term
Who does Karuna Chanana Ahmed call the most exploited among oppressed people?
Definition
Women.
Term
What percent of Japan's managers are female?
Definition
9 percent.
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