Term
|
Definition
| The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Going along with one's peers--individuals of our own status, who have no special right to direct our behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchal structure. |
|
|
Term
| What is informal social control? |
|
Definition
| Social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule. |
|
|
Term
| What is formal social control? |
|
Definition
| Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A label used to devalue members of certain social groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
|
|
Term
| What is anomie theory of deviance? |
|
Definition
| Robert Merton's theory of deviance as an adaptation of socially prescribed goals or of the means governing their attainment, or both. |
|
|
Term
| What is cultural transmission? |
|
Definition
| A school of criminology that argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions. |
|
|
Term
| What is differential association? |
|
Definition
| A theory of deviance proposed by Edwin Sutherland that holds the violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts. |
|
|
Term
| What is a routine activities theory? |
|
Definition
| The notion that criminal victimization increases when motivated offenders and suitable targets converge. |
|
|
Term
| What is a labeling theory? |
|
Definition
| An approach to deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants while others engaged in the same behavior are not. |
|
|
Term
| What is societal-reaction approach? |
|
Definition
| Another name for labeling theory. |
|
|
Term
| What is a social constructionist perspective? |
|
Definition
| An approach to deviance that emphasizes the role of culture in the creation of the deviant identity. |
|
|
Term
| What is differential justice? |
|
Definition
| Differences in the way social control is exercised over different groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The eight types of crime reported annually by the FBI in the Uniform Crime Reports: murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglery, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. |
|
|
Term
| What are victimless crimes? |
|
Definition
| A term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services. |
|
|
Term
| What is a professional criminal? |
|
Definition
| A person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals. |
|
|
