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Introduction To Sociology
Chapter 4 - Socialization, Chapter 5 - Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure
77
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2011

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Cards

Term
Who were Isabelle and Genie?
Definition
Socially isolated children. People need to be loved.
Term
What is the self?
Definition
A distinct identity that sets us apart.
Term
What is looking glass self?
Definition
Cooley... The self is a product of our social interactions.
Term
Who made the stages of the self?
Definition
Mead.
Term
What is the preparatory stage of self?
Definition
Imitate those around you.
Term
What are symbols?
Definition
Gestures, objects, & words that are communication.
Term
What is the play stage of self?
Definition
Develop skills in communication, role taking.
Term
What is role taking?
Definition
Mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint.
Term
What is the game stage of self?
Definition
When people start to consider others.
Term
What is a generalized other?
Definition
Attitudes, views, & expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account.
Term
What is egocentric?
Definition
Unable to think past themself.
Term
Describe Mead's theory of self?
Definition
Self begins at a privileged, central position in a persons world.
Term
What are significant others?
Definition
Individuals who are most important in development of the self.
Term
Describe Goffman's Theory of Self?
Definition
One is like an actor trying to keep up an image.
Term
What is impression management?
Definition
Altering of the presentation of the self.
Term
What is the dramaturgical approach?
Definition
People resemble performers in action.
Term
What is face-work?
Definition
Initiating in face saving behavior when feeling embarrassed or rejected.
Term
Who created the stages of development?
Definition
Piaget.
Term
What are the four stages of development? (Cognitive theory of development)
Definition
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
Term
What are rites of passage?
Definition
Major changes in a persons status.
Term
What is the life course approach?
Definition
Close look at social factors that influence people throughout their life.
Term
What is anticipatory socialization?
Definition
A person rehearses for future positions, occupations & social relationships. Helps society run smoother if norms are pre learned
Term
What is resocialization?
Definition
Discarding former behavior patterns & accepting new ones in a transitional period.
Term
What is a total institution?
Definition
Institution that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a single authority. Like military or prison.
Term
What is a degredation ceremony?
Definition
Usually within a total institution. Lose most possessions and self identity.
Term
What are gender roles?
Definition
Expectations regarding specific genders.
Term
What are statuses?
Definition
Socially defined positions within society. From lowest to highest.
Term
What is an ascribed status?
Definition
Assigned by society without regard for that persons unique talents or characteristics.
Term
What is social structure?
Definition
Individuals & their role among groups.
Term
What are social roles?
Definition
Set of expectations for people in a given social position or status.
Term
What is an acheived status?
Definition
Gained through one's own efforts.
Term
What is a master status?
Definition
Dominates all others.
Term
What is role conflict?
Definition
Incompatible expectations arise from 2 or more social positions held by the same person. Like a male nurse.
Term
What is role strain?
Definition
Social position imposes conflicting demands & expectations. Like minorities in mainstream culture.
Term
What is role exit?
Definition
Losing a status to gain a better one, but losing identity.
Term
What is a group?
Definition
# of people with similar norms, values & expectations.
Term
What is a primary group?
Definition
Generally small. Long period of interaction. Intimate. Emotional depth. Friendly.
Term
What is a secondary group?
Definition
Large. Short duration. No intimacy. Superficial. Formal.
Term
What's an in group? What's an out group?
Definition
In = Feeling of belonging.
Out = No feelings, like high school cliques.
Term
What is a reference group?
Definition
Use a standard for evaluating themselves and others set attitudes & trends.
Term
What is a coalition?
Definition
Alliance geared toward a common goal.
Term
What are social networks?
Definition
Likes a person directly to others.
Term
What is a social institution?
Definition
Organized patterns of belief & behavior centered on basic social needs such as replacing personnel & preserving order. (ex. religion)
Term
What would a conflict theorist say about social institutions?
Definition
Organized to meet basic needs.
Term
Who is Durkheim?
Definition
Came up with mechanical & organic solidarity.
Term
What is mechanic solidarity?
Definition
Collective consciousness.
Term
what is organic solidarity?
Definition
Consciousness rests on the need society members have for eachother.
Term
What is gemeinschaft?
Definition
Rural. Small community where people have similar backgrounds & life experiences.
Term
What is a gessellschaft?
Definition
Ideal community that is characteristic of modern urban life. Most people are strangers.
Term
What is sociocultural evolution?
Definition
Long term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity.
Term
What is technology?
Definition
Cultural information about the ways in which the material resources of environment can be used to satisfy needs & desires.
Term
What is a hunter gather society?
Definition
Get the fish. Get the berries. Yumm.
Term
What is horticultural society?
Definition
Plant seeds & crops. More work than hunter gatherers.
Term
What does an industrial society depend on?
Definition
Mechanization.
Term
What is an agrarian society?
Definition
Crop yielding. Farmers.
Term
What is a postindustrial society?
Definition
Processing & control of information.
Term
What is postmodern society?
Definition
Technology.
Term
What is formal organization?
Definition
Group designed for a specific purpose structured for maximum efficacy.
Term
What is a bureaucracy?
Definition
In formal organizations uses rules and hierarchal ranking to achieve efficacy, Division of labor.
Term
What is alienation?
Definition
Estrangement from society.
Term
What does trained in capacity mean?
Definition
Workers are so trained in one area they have blind spots in other areas.
Term
What are characteristics of a bureacracy?
Definition
Labor divided, authority, rules, impersonal, qualifications.
Term
What is bureacratization?
Definition
The process a group takes to become more bureaucratic.
Term
What is the law of oligarchy?
Definition
Even a democracy will eventually be a bureacracy ruled by a few (oligarchy)
Term
What is the scientific management approach?
Definition
Workers are entirely motivated by economy.
Term
What is the human relations approach?
Definition
Role of people, communication & participation in bureacracy.
Term
What is telecommuting?
Definition
Working at home
Term
Who did the study with monkeys and comfort?
Definition
Harry Harlow.
Term
In which of Mead's stages of the self do children merely imitate the people around them?
Definition
The preparatory stage.
Term
What are some examples of rites of passage?
Definition
School graduation, marriage, retirement.
Term
In whose theory of sociocultural evolution, is a societies level of technology critical to the way it is organized?
Definition
Gerhard Lenski.
Term
Which sociologist first directed researchers to the significance of bureaucratic structure?
Definition
Max Weber.
Term
Describe the bureaucratic characteristic of division of labor?
Definition
The president need not be a good typist, a surgeon need not be able to fill a cavity.
Term
One finding from the study of adolescent sexual networks is...?
Definition
Most respondents had been sexually active sometime during the past eighteen months.
Term
Which sociological perspective has identified five major tasks that a society must accomplish if it is to survive?
Definition
The functionalist perspective.
Term
What happened in Zimbardo's mock prison experiment at Stanford?
Definition
The social structure of the prison influenced social interactions between the prisoners and the guards.
Term
Which sociologist saw that the "definition of the situation" could mold thinking and personality of the individual?
Definition
William I. Thomas.
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