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Introduction to Sociology
Ch.2
32
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2012

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Cards

Term
Multiculturalism
Definition
A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
Term
Language
Definition
A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
Term
Sociobiology
Definition
A theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture.
Term
Symbol
Definition
Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture.
Term
Popular Culture
Definition
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
Term
High Culture
Definition
Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's population elite
Term
Subculture
Definition
Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population
Term
Counterculture
Definition
Cultural patterns that society oppose those widely accepted within a society
Term
Values
Definition
Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
Term
Afrocentrism
Definition
Emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns
Term
Technology
Definition
Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings
Term
Agriculture
Definition
Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
Term
Folkways
Definition
Norms for routine or casual interactions
Term
Mores
Definition
Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
Term
Society
Definition
People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture.
Term
Culture Shock
Definition
Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfailiar way of life.
Term
Norms
Definition
Rules and expectations by which society guides behavior of its members
Term
Beliefs
Definition
Specific ideas that people hold to be true
Term
Cultural Integration
Definition
The close relationship among various elements of a cultural system
Term
Pastoralism
Definition
The domestication of animals
Term
Eurocentism
Definition
The dominance of European  (especially English) cultural patterns
Term
Cultural Lag
Definition
The fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system
Term
Sapir-Whorf Thesis
Definition
The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language.
Term
Cultural Relativism
Definition
The practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The practice of judging another culture by the standards pf one's pwn culture
Term
Cultural Transmission
Definition
The process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
Term
Industry
Definition
The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery
Term
Postindustrialism
Definition
The production of information information using computer technology
Term
Horticulture
Definition
The use of hand tools to raise crops
Term
Hunting and Gathering
Definition
The use of simple tools used to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food
Term
Culture
Definition
The way of thinking, the ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people's way of life.
Term
Cultural Universe
Definition
Traits that are part of every known culture
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