Caring of others. Focus on the person receiving care. Blend of bothe science and art of nursing

is the skilled application of that knowledge to help others reach maximum health and quality of life.

Theory of animism. Belief that good and evil spirits bring health and illness. Phsician as medicine man. Nurse portrayed as mother caring for family (nurturing role).

Belief that illness is caused by sin and gods displeasure. Temples were centers of medical care. Priest as physician. Nurse viewed as slave carrying out menial tasks ordered by priests.

Focus on religion replaced by focus on warfare. Exploration and expansion of knowledge. Shorage of nurses: criminals recruited. Nursing considered disreputable.

Social reform began. Nursing as we know it began thanks to Florance Nightingale. She gegan the 1st school of nursing.

Identified the personal needs of patient and role of nurse in meeting them. Established standards for hospital management. Established nursing education and respected occupation for women. Recognized two components of nursing—health and illness. Believed that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine. Instituted occupational and recreational therapy for ill people.

Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses. Maintained accurate records which was the beginning of nursing research.

Superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; Was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill

Began the practice of keeping records and writing orders.

provided care for soldiers during the Civil War but also worked for the women's movement.

Nursing leader, instrumental in giving women the right to vote.

Hospital schools organized. Female nurses under the control of male hospital administrators and physicians. Male dominance in health care. Modern methods of nursing education founded.

Explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology. Efforts to upgrade nursing education. Women more assertive and independent.

Varied health care settings developed. Nursing broadened in all areas. Growth of nursing as a profession.

Originated from the Latin word nutrix (to nourish). ICN definition: promotion of health, prevention of illness, collaborative care. ANA definition: social policy statement. Patient is the central focus in all statements.

1. To promote health

2. To prevent illness

3. To restore health.

4. To facilitate coping with disability or death.

Health is a state of optimal functioning or well-being—not an absence of disease. World Health Organization (WHO) Health very subjective. Level of health affected by many factors. Healthy People 2010.

Physical activity Obesity Tobacco Use Substance Abuse Responsible Sexual Behavior Mental Health Injury and Violence Environmental Quality Immunization Access to Healthcare

Objective is to reduce the risk for illness, promote good health habits, and maintain optimal functioning. Nurses prevent illness by teaching and personal habit.

This is traditionally the nurse’s responsibility. Assessment Referral Providing direct care Collaboration Planning, teaching, & providing rehab Working in mental health and chemical-dependency programs

Work with both the identified patient and family. Facilitate coping with altered function, life crisis, or death. Identify every patient’s strengths to maintain optimal life as long as possible. Provide end of life care for patient and loved one.

More attention and respect being given to nursing as a professional discipline. Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge. Strong service orientation. Recognition authority by a professional group Code of Ethics Professional organization the sets standards. Ongoing research Autonomy

Practical or vocational nurse Registered nurse Graduate education in nursing Continuing education In-service education

International Nursing Organization National Nursing Organizations: ANA: American Nurses Association NLN: National League of Nursing AACN: American Association of Colleges in Nursing NSNA: National Student Nurses Association Specialty Practice and Special Interest

Nursing controls and guarantees its practice through standards of practice, nurse practice acts, and licensure. They guide your nursing education and your practice after graduation

Define the legal scope of nursing practice. Exclude unlicensed people from practicing nursing. Create a state board of nursing. Make and enforce rules and regulations.

One of the major guidelines for nursing practice. Helps nurses implement their roles. Integrates the science and art of nursing. Allows nurses to critically think. Defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing.