Term
| Neurotransmitter hormones |
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Definition
| change membrane permeability act on receptor and related proteins to open or close an ion gate elicit an excitatory or inhibitory effect |
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Term
| Metabolic/ Peptide Hormone |
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Definition
| insulin, GI hormones, activates anintracellular enzyme (adenylyl cyclase) which carries on a downstream activity of phosphorylating cAMP, then secondary effects |
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Term
| Metabolic/Peptide Hormones |
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Definition
| activates an intracellular enzyme, which carries on phosphorylating cAMP which carries out secondary effects |
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Term
| Steroid and Thyroid Hormones |
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Definition
| bind intracellular receptors to initiate transcription |
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Term
| Examples of Second messengers |
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Definition
| cAMP, cGMP, Calcium, calmodulin, membrane phospholipid metabolites |
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Term
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Definition
| when calmodulin is saturated with calcium it activates myosin kinase (smooth muscle contraction). |
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Term
| Membrane Phospholipid metabolites |
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Definition
| see slide and ask professor |
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Term
| Thyroxine/Triiodothyronine |
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Definition
| enter multiple cell types, bind hundreds of DNA sites, drive cellular function for days or weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| 7 transmembrane domain couple receptors to adjacent effector molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| works on adenylate cyclase, Ca2+ calmodulin, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. a subunit binds GDP inactive form. GTP active form |
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Term
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Definition
| results in increased levels of intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP binds to inhibitory regulatory subunit of inactive protein kinase A. |
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Term
| Mechanism of Adenylyl Cyclase |
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Definition
| catalyzes conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP activates portein kinase A, which phosphorylates proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| degrades cAMP to 5'-AMP which is inhibited by caffeine |
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Term
| Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Mechanism |
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Definition
| binds nuclear receptor and conformational change exposing DNA-binding domain. Transcrtiption inititiated. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1,12-dihydroxycholecalciferol induces Ca2+ binding protein in the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone binds to receptor in cell membrane via G Protein. phospholipase C liberates diacylglycerol and IP3 from membrane lipids. IP3 mobilizes Ca2+ from ER.Ca2+ and diacylglycerol activate protein kinase C phosphorylates proteins. |
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Term
| Ca2+ Calmodulin mechanism |
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Definition
| G-protein mechanism opens Ca2+ channels in ER. Ca2+ binds calmodulin producing physiologic action |
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Term
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Definition
| based on cholesterol: cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, estrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| thyroxine, triiodothyronine, epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, (ADH, oxytocin). pancreas(insulin, glucagon) and parathyroid |
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Term
| Peptide hormone synthesis |
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Definition
| synthesis occurs on rough endoplasmic reticulum.(rER). and directed by mRNA. preprohormone cleaved to produce prohormone in GA. Hormone produced by further cleaving |
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Term
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Definition
| derivatives of cholesterol. large amounts of cholesterol and precursors are stored for enzymatic conversion and secretion upon stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| capable of covalently modifying specific G protein alpha subunits, altering their functional activity |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that posseses intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that is activated by cytokine receptors. association of JAK2 with liganded GH |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 domains: 1. amino terminal domain. 2.DNA binding domain 3. carboxyl terminal domain well conserved and |
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Term
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Definition
| anitbody bound to a surface binds hormone, second antibody binds to hormone. attached to an enzyme that degrades colorimetric substrate to show how much is there |
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Term
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Definition
| (rate of disapperance)/(concentration of hormone), represents natural destruction, binding to tissue, excretion via bile, urine. decrease in clearance may signal disease |
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