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Introduction to Earth Science
Chapter 1-Introducing Earth
28
Science
7th Grade
11/26/2011

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Term
HYDROSPHERE
Definition

THE SPHERE OF THE EARTH SYSTEM THAT CONTAINS ALL OF EARTH'S WATER.

Term
BASALT
Definition

THE OVERALL COMPOSITION OF THE OCEANIC CRUST IS VERY MUCK LIKE THIS ROCK.

Term
CONVECTION CURRENT
Definition
  • HEATING AND COOLING OF A FLUID, CHANGES IN THE FLUID'S DENSITY, AND THE FORCE OF GRAVITY COMBINE TO SET IT IN MOTION.

 

  • TRANSFER HEAT IN EARTH'S OUTER CORE AND MANTLE.
Term
ENERGY
Definition

THE ABILITY TO DO WORK.

Term
ATMOSPHERE
Definition

THE RELATIVELY THIN ENVELOPE OF GASES THAT FORMS EARTH'S OUTERMOST LAYER.

Term
GEOSPHERE
Definition

HAS THREE MAIN PARTS:

  1. A METAL CORE
  2. A SOLID MIDDLE LAYER
  3. A ROCKY OUTER LAYER
Term
BIOSPHERE
Definition

THE PARTS OF EARTH THAT CONTAIN LIVING ORGANISMS.

Term
CONSTRUCTIVE FORCES
Definition
  • FORCES THAT CONSTRUCT, OR BUILD UP, MOUNTAINS.
  • THEY SHAPE THE LAND'S SURFACE BY BUILDING UP MOUNTAINS AND OTHER LANDMASSES.
Term
DESTRUCTIVE FORCES
Definition
  • FORCES SUCH AS: RAIN, ICE, WIND, AND CHANGING TEMPERATURE THAT WEAR DOWN, OR DESTROY, LANDMASSES
  • DESTROY AND WEAR AWAY LANDMASSES THROUGH PROCESSES LIKE EROSION AND WEATHERING.
Term
EROSION
Definition

WEARING DOWN AND CARRYING AWAY OF LAND BY NATURAL FORCES SUCH AS WATER, ICE, OR WIND.

Term
WEATHERING
Definition

THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT BREAK DOWN ROCK AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.

Term
PRESSURE
Definition

RESULTS FROM A FORCE PRESSING ON AN AREA.

Term
CRUST
Definition

A LAYER OF SOLID ROCK THAT INCLUDES BOTH DRY LAND AND THE OCEAN FLOOR.

Term
GRANITE
Definition

OVERALL COMPOSITION OF CONTINENTAL CRUST.

Term
MANTLE
Definition
  • MADE OD ROCK THAT IS VERY HOT, BUT SOLID.
  • IS DIVIDED INTO LAYERS BASED ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THOSE LAYERS.
    • LITHOSPHERE
    • ASTHENOSPHERE
    • MESOSPHERE
Term
LITHOSPHERE
Definition

THE CRUST AND UPPERMOST MANTLE

Term
ASTHENOSPHERE
Definition

THE SOFT LAYER OF THE MANTLE ON WHICH THE LITHOSPHERE FLOATS.

Term
MESOSPHERE
Definition

BENEATH THE ASTHENOSPHERE THAT INCLUDES THE LOWER MANTLE

Term
OUTER CORE
Definition

LIQUID LAYER OF MOLTEN METAL SURROUNDING THE INNER CORE.

Term
INNER CORE
Definition

DENSE BALL OF SOLID METAL WHERE THE EXTREME PRESSURE SQUEEZES THE ATOMS OF IRON AND NICKEL.

Term
CORE
Definition
  • MADE MOSTLY OF THE METALS IRON AND NICKEL.
  • IT CONSIST OF TWO PARTS-A LIQUID OUTER CORE AND A SOLID INNER CORE.
Term
RADIATION
Definition

THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY THAT IS CARRIED IN RAYS.

Term
CONDUCTION
Definition

HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN MATERIALS THAT ARE TOUCHING.

Term
CONVECTION
Definition

HEAT TRANSFER BY THE MOVEMENT OF A FLUID.

Term
HEAT TRANSFER
Definition

THE MOVEMENT OF ENERGY FROM A WARMER OBJECT TO A COOLER OBJECT.

Term
SYSTEM
Definition
A GROUP OF PARTS THAT WORK TOGETHER AS A WHOLE.
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