Term
| What characteristics are used to identify rocks? |
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Definition
| When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock's color and texture and determine its mineral composition. |
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Term
| What gives a rock it's texture? |
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Definition
| A rock's grains give the rock its texture. |
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Term
| What does coarse-grained mean when describing a rock? |
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Definition
| The the grains in a rock are large and easy to see. |
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Term
| What does fine-grained mean when describing a rock? |
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Definition
| The grains are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope |
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Term
| How do geologists prepare a rock for viewing under the microscope? |
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Definition
| They cut the rock very thin, so that light can shine through its crystals. |
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Term
| There are three major groups of rocks? |
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Definition
1. Igneous rock
2. Sedimentary rock
3. Metamorphic rock. |
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Term
| Most metamorphic rock forms deep underground. (True or False) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sedimentary rock forms in layers below the surface. (True or False) |
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Definition
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Term
| What three characteristics do geologists use to identify a rock sample? |
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Definition
1. Color
2. Texture
3. Mineral Composition. |
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Term
| Igneous rock is any rock that forms from magma or lava. (True or False) |
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Definition
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Term
| Most igneous rocks are made of mineral crystals. (True or False) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common extrusive rock?. |
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Definition
| Basalt is the most common extrusive rock. |
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Term
| Whatis the most abundant intrusive rock? |
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Definition
| Granite is the most abundant intrusive rock in the part of the crust that makes up the continents. |
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Term
| Name 4 types of texture for an igneous rock |
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Definition
| The texture of an igneous rock may be fine-grained, coarse-grained, glassy, or porphyritic. |
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Term
| Slow cooling lava forms fine-grained igneous rocks with small crystals. |
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Definition
| False, Fast cooling lava forms fine-grained igneous rocks with small crystals. |
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Term
| Intrusive rocks have smaller crystals than extrusive rocks. |
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Definition
| False, Intrusive rocks have larger crystals than extrusive rocks. |
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Term
| Extrusive rocks have a what type of texture? |
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Definition
| Extrusive rocks have a fine-grained or glassy texture. |
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Term
| Lava that is low in silica usually forms light-colored rocks such as basalt. |
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Definition
| False, Lava that is low in silica usually forms dark-colored rocks such as basalt. |
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Term
| Igneous rock with large crystals scattered within much smaller crystals has a __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What have people throughout history have used igneous rock for? |
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Definition
Tools and building materials.
Ancient Native Americans used obsidian for making very sharp tools for cutting and scraping.
granite was widely used to build bridges and public buildings and for paving streets with cobblestones.
Thin, polished sheets of granite are still used in decorative stonework, curbstones, and floors. |
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Term
| How do sedimentary rocks form? |
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Definition
| Sedimentary rocks form from particles deposited by water and wind. |
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Term
| What does sediment consists of? |
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Definition
| Sediment may include shells, bones, leaves, stems, and other remains of living things. |
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Term
| How does Sedimentary rocks form? |
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Definition
| Sedimentary rocks form through the erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments. |
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Term
| What are three major groups of sedimentary rocks: |
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Definition
1. Clastic rocks
2. Organic rocks
3. Chemical rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shale forms from tiny particles of clay. |
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Term
| What must happen for shale to form? |
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Definition
| Water must deposit clay particles in very thin, flat layers, one on top of another. |
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Term
| Name three kinds fo Clastic Rocks? |
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Definition
1. Shale
2. Sandstone
3. Conglomerate and Breccia |
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Term
| If the fragments have rounded edges, they form a clastic rock called ______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| A rock made up of large fragments with sharp edges is called ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some example of organic rock? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Coal forms from the remains of swamp plants buried in water. As layer upon layer of plant remains build up, the weight of the layers squeezes the decaying plants. Over millions of years, they slowly change into coal. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the ocean, many living things, including coral, clams, oysters, and snails, have shells or skeletons made of calcite. When these animals die, their shells pile up as sediment on the ocean floor. Over millions of years, these layers of sediment can grow to a depth of hundreds of meters. Slowly, the pressure of overlying layers compacts the sediment. |
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Term
| Name one type of Limestone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give a couple of examples of Chemical Rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some users of Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| 1. Building Materials, Smelting Iron Ore. |
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Term
| Name some users of Sedimentary Rocks |
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Definition
| 1. Building Materials, Smelting Iron Ore. |
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