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Definition
| your personal self and how others label you in relation to your position in society. |
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Definition
physical differences between male and female (pelvic structure, musculature)
sexual dimorphism (height, weight)
NOT gender |
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Definition
culturally defined categories of man and woman and everythnig in between.
exists on a spectrum. |
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Term
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Definition
domestic roles of men and women
work place roles of men and women |
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Definition
not considered male or female:
"Xanith"-Islamic, effeminate, often gay, born male, in-between man/woman.
"Berdache"-man/woman, bisexual, special ritual functions
"Hijras"-Indian, similar to drag, some hermaphrodites/Eunics, roles in hindu rituals |
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Definition
based on a shared sense of identity
often associated with national origin
self-ascribed |
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Definition
dispersed group
African Diaspora-begins with slavery |
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Definition
| simplest form of organization, usually a kinship. |
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Definition
| hierarchical relationships between different groups |
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Definition
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Definition
position/standing in society
prestige, value, worth
expected behaviors |
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Definition
| the various systems of social organization that societies have constructed on principles derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance |
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Definition
individuals linked by birth
blood relatives |
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Definition
| related through marriages/legal ties |
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Term
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Definition
| recognition of kinship ddespite lack of blood or marriage relation |
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Definition
mother's sister's kids
father's brother's kids
link based on same gender |
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Definition
mother's brother's kids
father's sister's kids
link based on opposite gender |
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Term
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Definition
larger descent group of several matrilineal and patrilineal families
extended family |
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Definition
| how one traces kinship through relation |
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Definition
| marriage outside a specified group of people |
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Definition
| marriage within a specified group of people |
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Definition
| traced through either the mother's or father's side, but not both |
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Definition
| traced through both the mother's and the father's sides. |
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Term
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Definition
a man, his brother, his kids, his brother's kids, and his son's kids
females marry outside this group |
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Definition
| a woman, her sister, her kids, her sister's kids, and her daughter's kids |
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Term
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Definition
| marriage between two individuals |
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Term
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Definition
one person with two or more spouses
polgyny=1man+2(x)wives
polyandry=1woman+2(x)husbands |
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Term
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Definition
| shared living space and the individuals that inhabit it |
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Term
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Definition
process of sending and receiving messages
verbal/nonverbal |
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Term
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Definition
| human communication by means of shared symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to communicate about things and ideas that are not in immediate space or time |
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Term
| formal language properties |
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Definition
phonemes-minimal sound units
morphemes-smallest meaning units
lexicon-vocabulary
syntax-grammar
semantics-meanings of words |
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Term
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Definition
| restricted to signs and movements to convey messages |
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Term
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Definition
| represent words, letters, and phrases (compound signs) |
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Definition
paralanguage
silence
body language |
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Term
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Definition
| the expressions, gestures, and other nuances that come with verbal sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the differences between regional variations of one language, or more than one language from the same origin. |
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Definition
| subvariety of a language, often linked to a particular region, class, or ethnis group. |
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Definition
| studying how language changes over time and estalishes language family trees |
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Definition
| the original shared language of origin |
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Definition
| mix of two or more languages |
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Definition
| a pidgin passed to a new generation |
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Term
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Definition
the study of meaning of words
especially the way words relate to fold taxonomy |
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Definition
| the provision of goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| making material items or services useful and available for consumption |
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Definition
| dominant way of using goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| transferring goods, services, and other items between and among people and groups |
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Term
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Definition
Karl Marx
traces development of different types of production humans have used over time |
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Term
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Definition
foragers
horticuluralists
pastoralists
agriculturalists |
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Term
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Definition
hunter/gatherers
90% of human history |
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Definition
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Definition
| large scale production of crops through farming |
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Definition
| small scale production of "need goods" like pottery or metal goods at the household level |
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Term
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Definition
specialized production and manufacturing of goods
machinery
mass production of consumer goods |
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Term
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Definition
intake and output
demand
supply |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of something from one person to another |
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Term
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Definition
| system of transfers in which the goal is either immediate or eventual balance in value |
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Term
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Definition
system of transfers in which one party tries to make a profie
market exchange |
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Term
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Definition
hunting/gathering
horticulture
agriculture
domestication of farm animals |
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Term
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Definition
| plant cultivation based on the use of simple tools |
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Term
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Definition
| equal distribution of goods |
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Definition
egalitarian
territory, not land ownership
bands of 15-60 people
"children of the forest" |
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Term
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Definition
| a part-time, supernaturally chosen religious specialist who can manipulate the supernatural |
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Term
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Definition
| physical differences between the sexes of a species that are not related to reproductive functions |
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Term
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Definition
| a human settlement pattern in which people stay in one place year-round, although some members of the population may still be mobile in search of food and raw materials |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of ideas and rules for behavior based on supernatural explanations |
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Term
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Definition
| a full-time, trained religious specialist who can interpret the supernatural and petition the supernatural on behalf of humans |
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Term
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Definition
| a religious system that recognizes multiple supernatural beings--technically, multiple gods |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to societies that move from palce to place in search of resources or in response to seasonal fluctuations |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of cultural rules for bringing together a man and a woman (usually) to create a family unit and for defining their behavior toward one another, their children, and society |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of ritual and paraphernalia to compel or manipulate the supernatural to act in desired ways |
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Definition
| a set of secular rules governing the behavior of individuals and institutions within a society |
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Definition
| when certain jobs are performed by particular individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture with an agricultural surplus, social stratification, labor specialization, a formal government, rule by power, monumental construction projects, and a system of record keeping |
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Term
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Definition
| a society that strives for equal distribution of goods and services through the use of recognized, often temporary, status differences |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of socioeconomic stratification in which the strata are open and a person may move to a different stratum |
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Term
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Definition
| one occupation is our primary source of our public social identity |
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Term
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Definition
how you want to appear to an enemy
tough and violently macho |
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Term
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Definition
respect
found on the street, not in jobs |
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