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Introduction to Animal Diversity I OBSR
Introduction to Animal Diversity I OBSR Class 1
64
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/03/2011
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Term
Total number of living species is estimated between 4 million and 100 million; however, only __________ million have been described.
 Definition
1) 1.7
Term
__________ is the process of assigning organisms into groups based on their similarities or relationships.
 Definition
1) Classification
Term
__________ is the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships.
 Definition
1) Systematics
Term
__________ is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms and it does not imply a basis in the evolutionary history of organisms.
 Definition
1) Taxonomy
Term
A __________ is a formal taxonomic group at any level.
 Definition
1) Taxon
Term
__________ is a complete evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
 Definition
1) Phylogeny
Term
__________ designed a classification system in the 18th century which has survived with some modifications.
 Definition
1) Linnaeus
Term
The system defined by Linneaus is __________ as higher levels exhibit more general characteristics while lower levels have more specific characteristics.
 Definition
1) Hierarchical
Term
The system created by Linneaus was blind to evolution and thus it has been referred to as __________.
 Definition
1) Artificial
Term
Linneaus used __________ __________ to study organisms.
 Definition
1) Morphological characteristics
Term
The comparison of __________ sequences is currently the primary focus of systematics.
 Definition
1) Nucleotide
Term
In the hierarchical system, each taxon is more __________ than the one below it.
 Definition
1) Inclusive
Term
__________ is the basic unit of classification.
 Definition
1) Species
Term
The __________ the category the more fundamental the similarities between members.
 Definition
1) Higher
Term
Which of the following is more inclusive than other listed?
a. Species
b. Order
c. Genus
d. Family
e. Class
 Definition
1) e. Class
Term
Which Kingdom features mainly unicellular or simple multicellular organisms?
 Definition
1) Protista
Term
Which Kingdom includes the three informal groups protozoa, algae, and slime / water molds?
 Definition
1) Protista
Term
Which Kingdom is heterotrophic and absorbs nutrients?
 Definition
1) Fungi
Term
Which Kingdom does not photosynthesize?
 Definition
1) Fungi
Term
Which Kingdom features organisms with a body composed of threadlike hyphae that form tangled masses which infiltrate food and habitats?
 Definition
1) Fungi
Term
Which Kingdom features organisms with cell walls composed of chitin?
 Definition
1) Fungi
Term
Which Kingdom features photosynthetic organisms that possess multicellular reproductive organs?
 Definition
1) Plantae
Term
Which Kingdom features an alternation of generations?
 Definition
1) Plantae
Term
Which Kingdom features organisms with cell walls composed of cellulose?
 Definition
1) Plantae
Term
Which Kingdom features multicellular heterotrophs which exhibit tissue differentiation and complex organ systems?
 Definition
1) Animalia
Term
Which Kingdom moves through muscular contraction and possesses a nervous system with tissue that coordinate response to stimuli?
 Definition
1) Animalia
Term
What are the three domains used for classification?
 Definition
1) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Term
What are the five (current) kingdoms used for classification?
 Definition
1) Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Term
__________ __________ was the first to develop the species definition.
 Definition
1) Ernst Mayr
Term
A __________ consists of a group of populations whose members are potentially capable of interbreeding in nature to produce fertile offspring.
 Definition
1) Species
Term
What are the three primary limitations of the biological species concept?
 Definition
Ignores:
1) Asexual organisms
2) Extinct species
3) Prokaryotes
Term
The __________ __________ is the idea that organisms that look the same (body morphology - internal and external) and have similar DNA sequences are considered to be the same species.
 Definition
1) Morphospecies concept
Term
The __________ __________ allows us to classify extinct species from fossil records.
 Definition
1) Morphospecies concept
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Biological species is extremely likely to fit the morphospecies criteria as organisms having a common gene pool are very likely to look similar.
 Definition
1) True
Term
Each species is designated by a two part name called the __________ which consists of the __________ and __________ __________.
 Definition
1) Binomen
2) Genus
3) Specific epithet
Term
The __________ is always capitalized; the __________ __________ is not capitalized, is descriptive, and cane be used for different genera.
 Definition
1) Genus
2) Specific epithet
Term
The entire binomen must be either __________ or __________.
The genus can be abbreviated by the first __________ once the full name has been introduced once.
 Definition
1) Italicized
2) Underlined
3) Letter
Term
The __________ __________ was established by Linneaus
 Definition
1) Binomial nomenclature
Term
A __________ is a feature used in classification.
 Definition
1) Character
Term
__________ __________ are different forms of a character.
 Definition
1) Character states
Term
__________ __________ are shared by two species because they were derived (or inherited) from a common ancestor.
 Definition
1) Homologous characters
Term
__________ __________ may have similar forms but were not derived from a common ancestor and are often the result of __________ __________.
 Definition
1) Analogous characters
2) Convergent evolution
Term
__________ __________ is independent evolution of structural or functional similarity in two or more distantly related species, usually as a result of adaptation to similar environments.
 Definition
1) Convergent evolution
Term
A __________ __________ is a modified character shared between two groups and present in their common ancestors in a modified form; suggests a distant common ancestor. An example of such a characteristic is found within bird __________ and mammalian __________, both of which are modifications of the __________ __________, which is considered the ancestral characteristic.
 Definition
1) Homologous characteristic 2) Feathers 3) Hair 4) Reptilian scale
Term
A __________ __________ is a novel modification of the ancestral form, and indicates a more recent common ancestor.
In the example of bird feathers and mammalian hair, both are considered to be __________ characteristics.
 Definition
1) Derived characteristic
2) Derived
Term
The sharing of presumptive __________ __________ is considered by __________ to be important evidence of evolutionary relatedness.
 Definition
1) Derived characteristics
2) Cladists
Term
A __________ __________ includes all organisms that have a common evolutionary history; contains all of the descendants of the most recent common ancestor.
 Definition
1) Monophyletic taxon
Term
A __________ __________ consists of several evolutionary lines and does not include an ancestor shared by all members.
 Definition
1) Polyphyletic taxon
Term
A __________ __________ consists of all members which share a common ancestor; however, not all of the ancestors' descendants are included in the taxon.
 Definition
1) Monophyletic taxon
Term

 Definition
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