Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Definition
| other, different --[heterotrophy] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| between, after --[metamerism] |
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Term
|
Definition
| single, alone --[monomorphic] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| discourse --[splanchnology] |
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Term
|
Definition
| touch, feel --[palpation] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| knowing, wise --[Homo sapiens] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sound --[ultrasonography] |
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Term
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Definition
| three-dimensional --[stereoscopic] |
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Term
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Definition
| under, below --[subatomic] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| to nourish --[autotrophic] |
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Term
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Definition
| beyond, excessive --[ultrastructural] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| [to cut apart]. Used to study the body and its parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned primarily with body function |
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Term
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Definition
| (morph = form, ology = the study of) |
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Term
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Definition
| Body structures large enough to study without magnification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures requiring magnification up to about 1000 times. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures studied with magnification of over one thousand times. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural changes from fertilization to maturity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Images of body structures using x-ray techniques. |
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Term
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Definition
| The interrelationships and mechanics of body parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomy applied to diagnosis and treatment of diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific regional parts of the body (head, thorax, limbs, etc.). |
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Term
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Definition
| Anatomy of the body dicided into its organ systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Homologous structures of different animal species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural changes that occur during disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Body structure related to surgical procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positional interrelationships of body structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| The form and markings of the surface of the body and the relationship of the surface features to deeper structures. |
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Term
| Define:anatomy, physiology, and morphology. |
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Definition
*[to cut apart]. Used to study the body and its parts.
*concerned primarily with body function
*(morph = form, ology = the study of) |
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Term
| Differentiate common subdivisions of anatomy from each other based on the specific subject matter including the three subtypes which are distinguished by the size of the structures studied. |
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Definition
| Gross anatomy- visible w/out magnification, microscopic anatomy -need magnification up to 1000x, ultrastructural anatomy- needs magnification of over 1000x. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first method used to study body structure. |
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Term
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Definition
Simply opening the body and observing its structure.
Today it is one of the most practical, least expensive, and most efficient tools of anatomical science. |
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Term
|
Definition
| involves the identification and study of body parts by touch and feel. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the removal, rearrangement, and/or remodeling of anatomic structures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the science of using x-rays to produce photograph-like images. |
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Term
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
uses powerful magnetic fields to energize (excite) the electrons in certain chemical components of the body.
The energy given off by the electrons can be captured and displayed on cathode ray tubes (CRT's). |
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Term
|
Definition
uses relatively low energy vibrations (ultrasound) to image body parts.
The vibrations are produced by a special machine and are directed into the body at the skin surface where they differentially bounce off various internal organs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Less sophisticated anatomical techniques include injecting plastic resin into hollow organs and then immersing the structures into corrosive chemicals to dissolve away the tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| a variation of palpation involving tapping on the body surface and listening to the sounds (normal/abnormal) produced. |
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Term
|
Definition
| involves listening to the sounds that various body structures make (most of them, incidentally, do not make any sounds at all). |
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Term
| Define each technique used to study anatomy and indicate if it (1)invades the body, (2)is potentially harmful, and (3) produces permanent (hard copy) images. |
|
Definition
Observation:...
Dissection: 1,(2 - deceased)
Palpation: ...
Surgery: 1,2
Radiography: 2,3
MRI: 3
Ultrasonography: 3
Injection: 1,2
Percussion: ...
Auscultaion: ... |
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Term
|
Definition
| The official world standard of anatomic nomentclature. |
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Term
| Explain why eponyms are not used in proper anatomic nomenclature and why some structures are given names that may seem unnecessarily long. |
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Definition
| Because of continuing religious sanctions against dissection of the human body, much of the anatomical study in recent centuries was done in secret. Lack of communication between the various investigators led to a confusing array of anatomical names for identical structures. The names are long sometimes in order to describe what they are and where they are located. |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans belong to this group; includes the living, multicellular organisms that are aerobic and heterotrophic. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| use carbon-based organic compounds for energy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The animal Kingdom has been subdivided into several smaller groups called [phyla] |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mankind belongs to this phylum-- includes the animals that developmentally posess a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and a pharyngeal arches. |
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Term
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Definition
| becomes the definitive brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
|
Definition
| differentiates into the bodies of the vertebrae and the intervertebral discs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| differentiate into the tympanic membrane, palatine tonsils, thymus, and the parathyroid glands. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a subgroup of chordates. Includes all animals possessing a vertebral column and is dicided into several major classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and three groups of fish. |
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Term
|
Definition
vertebrates characterized anatomically by hair, mammary glands, three pairs of auditory ossicles, and most of them have four limbs.
Mammals are divided into about twenty groups called orders. |
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Term
|
Definition
Man, monkeys, and lemurs belong to the most highly advanced order and have prehensile limgs and large brain mass/body mass ratios.
Primates are subdivided into several families and mankind is the only living member of the family Hominidae. |
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Term
| binomial nomenclature system |
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Definition
| The genus and species designations form this word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each level of biological classification is called a [taxon] and includes groups of related organisms which have common anatomical characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| humans have the largest brain mass/body mass ratio in the animal kingdom. |
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Term
| Bipedal posture/ locomotion |
|
Definition
| Whith the exception of kangaroos and wallabies, mankind is the only mammal that is bipedal in its primary mode of locomotion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fact that the thumb can be folded across the palm of the hand greatly increases the grasping ability of the human hand. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability to direct both eyes at the same object allows depth perception. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Although many animals can vocalize to a limited extent, none but man have evolved a complex, articulate form of speech. Involves intricate interactions of the larynx, tongue, oral cavity, teeth, and lips. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Very few human beings have perfect dentition (naturally). |
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Term
| List at least 5 anatomical characteristics that are humanoid and indicate the one that is distinctly human. |
|
Definition
| 1.Brain size 2.Bipedal posture/locomotion 3.Opposable thumbs 4.Stereoscopic vision 5.Vocal organ 6.Crooked teeth.... **Brain size** |
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|
Term
| List the anatomical features that distinguish each human being individually. |
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Definition
| specific numbers of vertebrate, teeth, and helplessness of neonates. Species, sex, age, race, individual variations, and state of health. |
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|
Term
| Classify mankind taxonomically (phylum and subphylum, class, order, family, genus, species) |
|
Definition
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates
Family:Hominidae
Genus:Homo
Species:sapien |
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Term
| Subatomic particles and waves |
|
Definition
| The smallest units of matter |
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|
Term
| Electrons, protons, and neutrons |
|
Definition
| The more familiar forms of subatomic particles and waves. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When electrons, protons, and neutrons are in a more stable state of matter they become organized into [atoms]. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The species of an atom, determined by the the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
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|
Term
| Oxygen(O), Carbon(C), Hydrogen(H), and Nitrogen(N) |
|
Definition
| These are particularly abundant and form over 95% of the total body weight. |
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|
Term
| Calcium(Ca), Sulfur(S), Phosphorus(P), Potassium(K), Sodium(Na), Magnesium(Mg), and Chlorine(Cl) |
|
Definition
| The remainder of the body mass if formed by these elements |
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Term
|
Definition
| Some elements are combined to form [compounds]. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Water(H20), Ammonia(NH3), Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and Carbon dioxide(C02). In the body, they exist mainly in ionic and/or hydrated forms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Formed by various inorganic compounds combined with hydrocarbon chains. These are also called building blocks. |
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Term
|
Definition
| include: simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, and the purine and pyrimidine bases(adenine, thymine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.) |
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|
Term
| Biological macromolecules |
|
Definition
| formed by the combination of oraganic molecules during the dehydration synthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| subparts of cells. Can be described as supramolecular assemblies of biological macromolecules. Include: ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum..etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a unit of libing matter delineated by a semipermeable membrane and capable of reproduction in an enviornment devoid of other life. |
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Term
|
Definition
| groups of cells and their products form [tissues]. 4 basic tissues: muscle tissues, epithelium, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| composed of cells which are specialized for contraction (shortening). Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a major component of the heart and some of the large vessels near the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
| forms the contractile parts of the named skeletal muscles of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| found within many of the organs of the body as well as the bases of hair follicles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| covers the inner and outer surfaces of the body and forms the secretory positions of glands. |
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Term
|
Definition
| distinguished from the other body tissues by the presence of large amounts of intercellular material (matrix). |
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Term
|
Definition
| the material in connective tissue; it consists of fivers and an amorphous glue termed ground substance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| consistes of cells called neurons that are specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses, and several kinds of supporting cells called neuroglia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| carry impulses which are interpreted and correlated by other neurons in the brain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| send impulses that control the activity of muscles and glands. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a structure composed of two or more tissues. Include a broad range of entities, from structures as complex as the brain to entities as simple as capillaries. |
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Term
|
Definition
| many organs have a [lumen], a central hollow space, that may always or occasionally contain something else. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The main functinoal components of an organ collectively comprise its [parenchyma] and the stroma. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the structural framework of an organ |
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Term
|
Definition
| groups of organs with common functional goals. ex: esophagus, stomach, intestine, and liver all belong to the digestive system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| 5 of the body systems: Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary, Male Reproductive, and female reproductive system. [have a tubular design, one or more openings at the body of the surface, and a mucous membrane lining.] |
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Term
|
Definition
| Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems. [Has a lining of membranous epithelium, connective itssue, muscle tissue.] |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| oral cavity, gullet, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, and accessory digestive organs (salivary glands, liver and gallbladder, pancreas) |
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Term
|
Definition
| nose, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
| kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Term
|
Definition
| testes, epididymides, ductula deferentia, penis, scrotum, accessory sex glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands) |
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|
Term
| Female Reproductive system |
|
Definition
| ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| endocrine organs: pineal body, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood |
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Term
|
Definition
| lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
| brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglie, sensory receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes the study of the visceral organs as well as those of the endocrine system (sometimes the heart, spleen, and great vessels are included, too). |
|
|
Term
| List and define the 10 levels of organization in higher organisms. Give some examples of body structures in each. |
|
Definition
| subatomic particles and waves- protons, electrons, neutrons; elements- oxygen, carbon; inorganic compounds-water, ammonia; organic building blocks- simple sugars, amino acids; biological macro molecules- polysaccharieds, lipids; organelles-mitochondria, ribosomes; cells- neuron,; tissues- muscle tisse, connective; organs-brain,heart, artery; systems- nerbous, digestive; higer vertebrate- humans, dogs, horses, etc.. . |
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Term
| Name the 12 organ systems, identify the 5 which are considered to be visceral body systems, and list 3 characteristics which distinguish the visceral systems from the somatic systems. |
|
Definition
*Digestive, *Respiratory, *Urinary, *Male Rep., *Female Rep., Intergumentary, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, nervous systems.
**a tubular design, 1+ openings on surface, and a mucous membrane lining. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 basic ("primary") tissues. |
|
Definition
| Organ level, tissue level, cellular level, and chemical or molecular level. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the superior extension of the body supported by the neck. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the head that houses the brain. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the anterior aspect of the head. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the body joining the head to the trunk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the segment of the body to which the neck and limbs attach. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the posterior aspect of the trunk |
|
|
Term
| Thorax/chest[thorax/pectus] |
|
Definition
| the anterosuperior part of the trunk. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvis. It is commonly divided into four quadrants (left superior, right inferior,etc.)by the median plane and a transverse plane through the umbilicus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the anteroinferior portion of the trunk |
|
|
Term
| Superior Limb[membrum superioris] |
|
Definition
| the paired limbs which attach to the lateral aspect of the thorax |
|
|
Term
| Deltoid(shoulder)Region[regio deltoideus] |
|
Definition
| the junction of the superior limb with the trunk. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the "upper" arm between the shoulder and elbow. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the junction of the brachium and antebrachium. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the limb between the elbow and hand. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the distal portion of the superior limb. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the proximal part of the hand. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the hand to which the digits attach. |
|
|
Term
| Digits of the hand[digiti manus I-V] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior Limb [membrum inferioris] |
|
Definition
| the paired limbs which attach to the pelvis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the junction of the inferior limb with the trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the inferior limb between the elbow and hand |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the junction of the thigh and leg |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the inferior limb between the knee and foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distal portion of the inferior limb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the proximal part of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the foot to which the toes attach. |
|
|
Term
| Digits of the Foot[digiti pes I-V] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the English and Latin names for each of the major subdivisions of the body. |
|
Definition
| Head[caput], Neck[collum], Trunk[truncus], Superior Limb[membrum superioris], Inferior Limb[membrum inferioris] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the fact that many body parts are hollow or tubular in design (blood vessels, alimentary canal, urinary bladder, air passageways,etc.). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| describes the distinct layering in many parts of the body (skin, intestinal wall, cornea of the eye, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this reflects the bilateral symmetry present in the body (left structures are identical but mirror imaged to right structures). Ex: eyes, ears, limbs, ribs, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the longitudinal (linear) series of structures demonstrated by some parts of the body (vertebrate, ribs, intercoastal muscles, superior and inferior limbs, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the fact that the head and trunk of the body are not solid structural masses. They have an outer wall surrounding and separated from internal organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space within the head that houses the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space within the thorax that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and several other organs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space within the abdomen that contains the liver, kidneys, stomach, and intestines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thoracic cavity is spearated fromthe abdominal cavity below it by a partition of skeletal muscle called the [diaphragm]. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a paper thin structure with two layers: an epithelial linging and a delicate outer layer of connective tissue proper that binds the epithelium top the adjacent structures. |
|
|
Term
| Define 5 principles of morphology and give examples of each. |
|
Definition
| Tubulization-hollow or tubular *blood vessels, Stratification-laying of parts *skin, Zygomorphism-bilateral symmetry *eyes, Metamerism-longitudinal/linear series of structures *ribs, Cavitation- not solid structural masses *head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flat surgace, real or imaginary, along which any two points can be connected by a straight line. |
|
|
Term
| The median (midsagittal) plane |
|
Definition
| vertically oriented plane which passes throught the anterior and posterior midline of the body and divides the head, neck, and trunk into equal halves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planes parallel to the median plane, but off the midline of the body to one side or the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertically oriented plane perpendicular to the median plane which divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horizontally oriented plane that divides the head, neck, trunk, or limbs into superior and inferior portions. |
|
|
Term
| Define in words and develop a working concept of the 3 main types of anatomic planes. |
|
Definition
| The sagittal plane- passes through anterior and posterior midline of body. The frontal plane- veritcally oriented, divides body into anterior and posterior portions. Transverse planes- horizontally oriented divides head, neck, trunk, or limbs into superior and inferior portions. |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the abdomen can be divided into 4 quadrants around the umbilicus by 2 particular planes. |
|
Definition
| The sagittal plane and the transverse plane separate the abdomen into 4 parts. The sagittal vertically separates down the middle, and the transverse horizontally passes through the middle, making 4 quadrants. |
|
|
Term
| oblique (angled) orientations |
|
Definition
| Directional terms can be combined to indicate these [oblique] orientations Ex:proximomedially, anterolateral, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Normal anatomical position |
|
Definition
| All directional terms refer to the body in this position. The body is standing erect with the head and feet directed forward, the arms hanging loosely at the sides, the fingers straightened and directed downward, and the palms directed forward. |
|
|
Term
| Define and be able to use the anatomic directional terms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe and assume the normal anatomical position. |
|
Definition
| The body is standing erect with the head and feet directed forward, the arms hanging loosely at the sides, the fingers straightened and directed downward, and the palms directed forward. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physician evaluates all of the systems and many specific organs of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to evaluate specific abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscular system is routinely evaluated by eliciting a number of neuromuscular [reflexes] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the evaluation process of the trachea, lungs, and bronchial tree. The sound of air moving though normal respiratory passageways is distinguishable fromt hat mobing through collapsed or partially blocked ones. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the front side of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the baack side of the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the median plane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Away from or relatively further from the median plane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the top of the head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Away from or relatively further from the top of the head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the trunk. This term is nearly always applied to the limbs where it has same conceptual meaning as superior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Away from or relatively further from the trunk. This term is nearly always applied to the limbs where it has the same general conceptual meaning as inferior. |
|
|
Term
| Superficial/external[superficialis/esternus] |
|
Definition
| Near or relatively closer to the outer aspect (surface) of the body or part. |
|
|
Term
| Deep/internal[profundus/internus] |
|
Definition
| Near or relatively closer to the central aspect of the body or part. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally implies toward or relatively closer to the "back". In practice it is most commonly applied to the posterior surface of the head, neck, trunk, or hand; or to the "superior" aspect of the foot. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally implies toward or relatively closer to the "belly". In practice it is commonly used to refer to the lower aspect of underside of an organ or part. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A position between superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, poximal/distal, or superficial/deep. |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate[intermedius] |
|
Definition
| A side-to-side position between medial and lateral structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the anterior aspect of the hand(i.e. the side where the palm is loacted). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the sole of the foot where it is synonymous with inferior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the lateral aspect of the superior limb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the medial aspect of the superior limb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the medial aspect of the inferior limb. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Toward or relatively closer to the lateral aspect of the inferior limb. |
|
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Term
| Longitudinal[longitudinalis] |
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Definition
| Parallel to the long axis of the body or body part (lengthwise). |
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Term
| Transverse[transversalis] |
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Definition
| Perpendicular to the long axis of the body or body part (across). |
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Term
| Ipsilateral[ipsilateralis] |
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Definition
| On the same side of the body. |
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Term
| Contralateral[contralateralis] |
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Definition
| On the opposite side of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| noted by applying fingertip pressure to various parts of the body to blanch them and then noting the return of normal skin color after pressure is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| measured by a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff). |
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Term
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Definition
| analysis of a unrine sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| sagittal plane[planum sagittalis] |
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Term
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Definition
| superior limb [membrum superioris] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inferior limb [membrum inferioris] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| index finger, second digit of hand [index, digitus secundus (II)] |
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Term
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Definition
| fifth digit/little finger [digitus quintus/minimus] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| stomach (anterior, lower trunk) |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following definitions is incorrect?
A.Human anatomy is the study of the body and its parts.
B.Radiography is he science of using x-rays to produce photograph-like images.
C.The Nomina Anatomica is the official world standard of anatomic nomenclature.
D. A taxon is a name give to a particular level or gouping of organisms in a systematic classification scheme.
E.Cells are components of tissues and tissues are components of organelles. |
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Definition
| E. the first part of the statement is accurate but tissues are components of organs. |
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Term
Which of the following does not demonstrate the morphological principle with which it is matched?
A.head-cavitation
B.ribs-metamerism
C.stomach-zygomorphism
D.skin-stratification
E.artery-tubulation |
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Definition
| C. The stomach is not a bilateral organ. |
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Term
The taxonomic order to which mankind belongs is ____.
A.Primates
B.sapiens
C.Hominidae
D.Homo
E.Chordata |
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Definition
| A.The species is sapiens; Hominidae is the family; Homo is the genus; Chordata is the phylum. |
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Term
Which of the following anatomical difectional terms is mismatched with its reference point?
A.distal-top of head
B.radial-lateral aspect of superior limb
C.external-outer aspect of the body or part thereof
lateral-median plane
E.inferior-top of head |
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Definition
| A. Distal has various reference points but never the top of the head. |
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Term
Which of the following is not one of the four basic tissues in the human body?
A.epithelial tissue
B.muscle tissue
C.adipose tissue
D.connective tissue
E.nervous tissue |
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Definition
| C.Adipose tissue is one of several subtypes of connective tissue. |
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Term
Which plane intercepts (cuts, intersects) the antebrachium longitudinally?
A.sagittal plane
B.midsagittal plane
C.transverse plane
D.median plane
E.If more than one of the aboce intersect the antebrachium longitudinally, choose this response. |
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Definition
| A. Midsagital(B) and median(D) planes miss the antebrachium completely. Transverse planes(C) can intercept the antebrachium, but they cut it horizontally (transversely). |
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Term
Which of the following characteristics is least helpful in setting humans apart from other animals?
A.opposable thumbs
B.bipedal locomotion
C.brain mass/body mass ratio
D.stereoscopic vision
E. ability to produce sound |
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Definition
| E.Most higher animals can produce sound. |
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Term
Find the lie.
A. Serous membranes have two layers:epithelial tissue and connective tissue proper.
B.Mucous membranes have three layers:epithelial tissue, smooth muscle, and connectibve tissue proper.
C. The trunk is composed of two major body cavities: thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.
D.Splanchnology includes the study of visceral organs: lung, liver, testis, uterus, and urethra.
F. Choose this response if al the about are true statements.
G.Choose this response if two or more of the above (A-E) are lies. |
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Definition
| C. the trunk is composed of the chest, abdomen, back, and pelvis. It contains 2 major cavities: thoracic and abdominal. |
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Term
Which one of the following has mismatched items?
A.urinary system-ureter-visceral
B.integumentary system-nails-somatic
C.cardiovascular system-heart-visceral
D.muscular system-diaphragm-somatic
E.respiratory system-trachea-visceral
F.nervous system-spinal cord-somatic |
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Definition
| C.The heart belongs to the cardiovascular system but the latter is a somatic system. |
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Term
Which of the following is mismatched?
A.Mammalia-three pairs of auditory ossicles-Class
B.Hominidae-mankind is the only living member-Family
C.Animalia-heterotrophs-Kingdom
D.Chordata-notochord-Phylum
E.Choose this response if all the above are correctly matched. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do transverse planes cut all partsof the body transversely? Name some structures of the body that would be longitudinally sectioned by a transverse plane. |
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Definition
| No. Transverse planes are horizontally oriented planes. They section many parts of the body transversely. However, elongated structures like the clavicle and metatarsus, whose long axes are horizontally oriented will be longitduinally sectioned by them. |
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Term
| All of the visceral body systems have (at least some) tubular organs. Give examples of tubular structures found in somatic systems. |
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Definition
| The brain, spinal cord, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. |
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Term
| By conceptually combining the reproductive and urinary systems into a single urogenital system, the muscular and skeltal systems, and by considering the lymphatic system to be part of the cariovascular system, the total number of body systems would be________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do raiography, MRI, and ultrasonography have in common? What feature of raiography is not found in MRI or ultrasonography? |
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Definition
| All 3 are non-invasive. Radiography uses ionizing radiation which is carcinogenic. |
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Term
| Why isn't the "defense system" listed as one of the organ systems of the body? |
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Definition
| The "defense system" is not an anatomic system but rather it is a functional concept. |
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Term
| Some ovsolete names for body parts were based on the names of individuals who discovered them, or did something significant in regard to them. Why were these kinds of names discarded when the official names for structures were selected? |
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Definition
| Official names are selected which have instructive and descriptive value. Nomenclature based on names of individuals lack descriptive value. |
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Term
| Why does auscultation yield such a small volume of anatomical information? |
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Definition
| Most parts of the body do not make noise and those that do, don't necessarily describe themselves. |
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Term
| Homo sapiens is the genus/species designation of all human beings. What factors make each individual unique? |
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Definition
| Sex, age, race, individual variation, state of health. |
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Term
| If one conceptually combines the structural levels of inorganic compounds, organic compounds and biological macrocolecules into one level the total number of levels of organization in the body would be reduced from ____to____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The visceral body systems have one or more openings at the surface of the body. Name two somatic systems which organs located at the body surface. |
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Definition
| Integumentary system (skin, hair, nails) and nervous system (eyes, ears). |
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Term
| Can every structure in the body be sectioned by a sagittal plane? By a coronal plane? By a Transverse plane? |
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Definition
| Any structure in the body can be intercepted by at least one sgittal, one coronal, and one transverse plane. |
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Term
| Name a body landmark that can not be intercepted by any sagittal plane except the midsagittal plane. |
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Definition
| Anterior and posterior midlines. |
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Term
| Name the smallest group of animals to which horses and humans both belong (taxonomically). Repeat the question for humans and snakes. |
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Definition
| Mammals-vertebrates (a subgroup of the chordates). |
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Term
Which basic tissues
A. are in contact with air?
B. are present in most organs?
C. are present in every organ? |
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Definition
A.epithelium (only)
B.all four basic tissues
C.connective tissue and epithelium (even the simplest organ like capillaries and serous membranes contain these two). |
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Term
| Why is having a standardizing (official) nomenclature so important in science like anatomy? |
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Definition
| It reduces confusion and increases the efficiency of communication. The objective is to create a 1:1 relationship between names and structures. |
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Term
| Developmentlly, all chordates possess a notochord. What does it become in the human body? |
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Definition
| Bodies of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. It does not form the spinal cord. |
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Term
| Which six anatomical directional terms should be included in a "bare bones" list? In other words, which six will allow the positions of all body structures to be related to each other? |
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Definition
| Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, inferior, superior. |
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Term
| Which two body systems are most difficult to examine by routine physical exam techniques? |
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Definition
| Endocrine and lymphatic systems. |
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Term
| Which subdivision of the trunk runs the full length of the trunk? |
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Definition
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Term
| The abdominal organs are within the abdominal cavity but they are not inside of the peritoneal cavity. They are said to be invaginated into (but not inside of) the peritoneal cavity. Explain this physical relationship. |
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Definition
| They have the same relationship to the peritoneal cavity that a hand shoved into the side of a large, soft balloon has to the inside of the balloon (where the air is trapped). The hand is shoved into the side of the balloon but is not inside of the balloon. |
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