Term
| “Classical Traditions” or “Wisdom traditions” |
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Definition
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Term
| • Expansion of civilization beyond river valleys |
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Definition
– Territories
•China spread beyond Yellow River
•Greece and later Rome – Mediterranean culture
•Northern India
– Huge population increases |
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Term
| Tension between local control and Empires |
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Definition
– Rome, Qin and Han, Alexander and the Hellenistic states, Persian, Mauryan and
Gupta |
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Term
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Definition
– Systems of administration and bureaucracy
– Empires support the spread of the “Classical Traditions” in their empires, esp. for
elites |
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Term
| Beginnings of world-wide trading networks |
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Definition
– Silk road
– Red Sea – Indian Ocean trade
– Technological innovation |
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Term
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Definition
Census records from Roman Egypt
Life expectancy at birth
Females 25 / Males 23
The first two years of life have a 30% and 22% mortality rate |
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Term
| If you survived to the fifth year, the life expectancy rises: |
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Definition
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Term
| • High mortality rates caused by: |
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Definition
• Poor nutrition
• Poor sanitation
•Interconnected communities
•No quarantines |
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Term
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Definition
• Average age: females 27.3 / males 26.2
• 33% of the population under 15
• 61% between 15 and 59
• 6% over 60
• US 13% over 65 |
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Term
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Definition
The average woman would have needed to bear 5 to 6 children to maintain the
population
• Exposure limited the number of children (maybe 20% of all births) |
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Term
| – Fate of children exposed: |
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Definition
•Died
•Adopted
• Became slaves (if 1/3rd of all exposed babies survived and became slaves, then
this may have yielded over 150,000 new slaves per year)
•Justin Martyr claimed that exposed children were the chief source of prostitutes |
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Term
| Break up of the Assyrian Empire |
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Definition
Lydians in Turkey
•Croesus, metal coins
– Medes in Iran
•Astyages, Harpagos
– Neo-Babylonians in Mesopotamia
•Nebuchadnezzar, Nabonidus
– Egypt
– Persians in southern Iran |
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Term
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Definition
Under Cyrus
– Conquest of Median, Lydia, Neo-Babylonian Empires
• Later rulers add Egypt
– Egypt remains rebellious
• Darius I
– Overthrows legitimate successor? |
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Term
Persian Political Rule
• Divided kingdom into provinces |
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Definition
– Satrapies
– “King’s eyes and ears”
– Duties of Satraps
•Command armies of the satrapy
• Enforce king’s laws
•Collect Imperial taxes
• “Royal Road”, postal service
• Aramaic |
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Term
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Definition
4 capitals
• Absolute, hereditary monarch
– Elaborate court
– Proskynesis
– “Great King”, “King of Kings”
• Army
– Elite units – Ten Thousand Immortals
– Provincial Troops
• Zoroastrianism |
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Term
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Definition
• Zoroaster, “Zarathushtra”
• Dualistic – good vs evil –
– Ahura Mazda (son = Mithra) vs. Ahriman (or Angra Mainyu)
– Free will, Hell
– Universal salvation, resurrection
• Fire worship
• No temples (altars)
• Magi |
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Term
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Definition
| Monster on Gold Vase Magi |
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