Term
| Radioactive particle with a positive charge, made of two protons and two neutrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The force of interaction between all nucleons, effective only at very, very, very close distances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element to an atomic nucleus of another element through the loss of gain protons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radioactive particle with a negative charge, made of one high energy electron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The time required for half the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stays in the nucleus when a neutron comes apart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of estimating the age of once living material by measuring the amount of a radioactive isotope of carbon present in the material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radioactive high energy waves with no charge |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what leaves the nucleus when a nuetron come apart |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:
alpha |
|
Definition
| +2, 2 protons and 2 neutrons, paper |
|
|
Term
Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:
beta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Charge, What is it made of?, and Cannot penetrate through for:
gamma |
|
Definition
| 0, ultrahigh energy, lead |
|
|
Term
door open, door closed; what type of radiation?
10, 0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
door open, door closed; what type of radiation?
0.10, 0.10 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
door open, door closed; what type of radiation?
0.02, 0.01 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
door open, door closed; what type of radiation?
50.00, 30.00 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Carbon (C)/6/Beta particle/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Uranium (U)/92/Alpha particle/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Thorium/90/Beta particle/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Radon (Rn)/85/Alpha particle/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Radium (Ra)/88/?/?/Radon (Rn) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Potassium (K)/19/?/?/Chlorine (Cl) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Atomic nunber/Particle given off/New atomic number/Transmuted in which element?
Plutonium (Pu)/94/?/?/Americium (Am) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major sources of radiation that people are exposed to? |
|
Definition
- Natural background (cosmic rays, Earth minerals)
- Medicine and diagnostics
- Consumer products (television sets, smoke detectors)
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|
|
Term
| an orderly method for gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an educated guess; a reasonable explation that is not fully accepted as factual until tested over and over again by experiment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organized common sense; the collective findings of humans about nature; how things work in the universe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an experiment, the thing you compare other things to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| method and means of solving practical problems by applying the findings of science; using scientific knowledge to make or do things that people want |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a way of testing to see if a hypothesis is true or not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a broad explanation for a large body of information that has much data supporting it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fake science that has no tests of its validity (truthfulness) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a phenomenon about which competent observers can agree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an experiment, the things that you keep the same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a positively charged particle in an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the outermost electron shell in an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a negatively charged particle in an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an element that has characteristics that are between those of the metals and the nonmetals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a column going up and down in the periodic table of the elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when electrons are equally shared between atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when two atoms are held together by opposite charges caused by by one atom taking one or more electrons from another atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the number of protons in an atom of an element |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the center region of an atom where the protons and neutrons are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when atoms or parts of atoms are weakly attracted to each other by uneven slightly positive and negative charges on parts of the atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the orbital for columns 13-18 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a particle with no charge in an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the orbital for the first two colums of the periodic table |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an element that is good at conducting heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the orbital for columns 3-12 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when electrons are shared unequally between atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom of an element |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an area where electrons are located in a model of an atom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when two atoms are held together because they share electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the one or two lettter abbreviation of an element's name used in the periodic table (some of the names used are not always the common English names you are used to) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the number of electron shells in an atom can be determined by the _____ of an element in the periodic table |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a row going across the periodic table of the elements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an element that is not good at conducting heat and electricity and that is brittle, not malleable or ductile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the orbital for the two rows of elements at the bottom of the periodic table
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have lower melting and boiling points and are poorer conductors of electricity than transistion meatls. Tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) are examples. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The group that most metals fall into, including iron (Fe), gold (Au), and copper (Cu). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have properties in between metals and nonmetals. Silicon (Si) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All members of this group are radioactive. Uranium (U) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have 2 electrons in their valence shell, so they react with other atoms. When put in fire they do not melt. Radium (Ra) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have seven electrons in their valence shells. React with other elements to form salts. Chlorine (Cl) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| includes carbon (C), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when mixed with water, they form slippery solutions that are good at dissolving grease. Potassium (K) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Have 8 electrons in their outer shell (except for Helium (He) which has 2). Do not react with other elements. Krypton (Kr) is an example. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also called "rare earth metals". Neodynium (Nd) is an example. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Solving problems or creating products people want by applying the findings of science.
a. Science
b. Scientific method
c. Technology
d. Pseudoscience
e. Engineering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Large sample sizes are needed in good scientific experiments because
a. More data is always better.
b. You should always collect as much data as you possibly can.
c. There is much natural variability in the things we measure and observe. |
|
Definition
| c. There is much natural variability in the things we measure and observe. |
|
|
Term
Something about which knowledgeable people can agree.
a. Fact
b. Law
c. Hypothesis
d. Science
e. Technology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The conditions that remain the same throughout an experiment are called
a. Groups
b. Controls
c. Constants
d. Variables |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The method used to go about gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge.
a. Science
b. Scientific method
c. Technology
d. Pseudoscience
e. Engineering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What people have learned about how the universe works.
a. Science
b. Scientific method
c. Technology
d. Pseudoscience
e. Engineering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fake science that is not supported by data and well designed experiments.
a. Science
b. Technology
c. Pseudoscience
d. Opinion
e. Fact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A _____ is an educated guess about the answer to a scientific question.
a. Hypothesis
b. Theory
c. Law
d. Principal
e. Fact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a testable (measurable) hypothesis?
a. Which fertilizer works best for growing tomatoes in Dr. G's garden?
b. Does Miracle-Gro fertilizer work best for growing tomatoes in Dr. G's garden?
c. Miracle-Gro fertilizer is better than other fertilizers.
d. Miracle-Gro fertilizer grows bigger tomatoes faster than other fertilizers. |
|
Definition
| d. Miracle-Gro fertilizer grows bigger tomatoes faster than other fertilizers. |
|
|
Term
A _____ is a broad explanation of a group of hypotheses that have been supported with repeated testing.
a. Hypothesis
b. Theory
c. Law
d. Principal
e. Fact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The row number in the periodic table tells you
a. The number of electrons in the valence shell
b. How many electron shells the atom has
c. How many electrons the atom has |
|
Definition
| b. How many electron shells the atom has |
|
|
Term
The location of an element in a column of the periodic table tell you about
a. How many electron shells the atom has
b. The number of electrons in the valence shell
c. How many electrons the atoms has |
|
Definition
| b. The number of electrons in the valence shell |
|
|
Term
In the periodic table the atomic number is the
a. Large number with the decimal
b. The smaller number, whole number |
|
Definition
| b. The smaller number, whole number |
|
|
Term
In the periodic table the atomic mass is the
a. Large number with the decimal
b. The smaller number, whole number |
|
Definition
| a. Large number with the decimal |
|
|
Term
The atomic number is equal to
a. The number of protons in the atom
b. The number of neutrons in the atom
c. The number of electrons in the atom
d. A and B
e. A and C
f. A and B and C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The atomic mass is equal to
a. The number of protons
b. The number of neutrons
c. The number of electrons
d. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
e. The number of protons plue the number of electrons
f. The number of neutrons plus the number of electrons |
|
Definition
| d. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
|
|
Term
What is the smallest particle of light called?
a. Spectrum
b. Wavelength
c. photon
d. High energy electron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When an atom absorbs energy from heat or electricity, what happens to the electrons?
a. They move farther away from the nucleus
b. They move closer to the nucleus
c. They tunr into photons
d. They give off light |
|
Definition
| a. They move farther away from the nucleus |
|
|
Term
What happens when an electron jumps to a lower energy level?
a. Quantum mechanics are given off.
b. Quantum leaps are given off.
c. Light is given off.
d. Not much of anything happens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The neutral part of an atom, found in the nucleus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The positive part of an atom, found in the nucleus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The negative part of an atom, found in the outer part of an atom. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The areas where electrons can be located according to Niels Bohr's model of the atom. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest particle of an element |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pure substance made of more than one kind of atom held together by chemical bonds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pure substance made of only one type of atom. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
N, P, O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
U, Pu, Cm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
K, Rb, Fr |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
Xe, Rn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
Zr, Nb, Pt, Au |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
Br, I, At |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the group for:
examples:
Ba, Ra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many protons does lithium (Li) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many neutrons does Cesium (Cs) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many electron s does Copper (Cu) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many electron shells does Sodium (Na) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many electrons are in the outer shell of iodine (I)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge
protons/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge
neutrons/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Part of the atom/Mass in Atomic Mass Units/Charge
electrons/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell
Oxygen (O)/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell
Potassium (K)/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Element/Number of electron shells/Number of electrons in the valence shell
Sulfur (S)/?/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cells are able to repair most kinds of molecular damage caused by radiation IF
a. The damage is not too severe
b. The does is spread over a long enough period of time (rather than getting it all at once
c. It does not contact the reproductive cells
d. a and b
e. a and c
f. b and c
g. all of the above |
|
Definition
| a. the damage is not too severe |
|
|
Term
In order for radiation damage to affect the future children of people, the radiation has to damage
a. The DNA of the person's cells
b. The DNA of the person's reproductive cells
c. The DNA or cells of embryos/fetuses before they are born
d. a and b
e. a and c
f. b and c
g. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The largest source of naturally occuring radiation on earth is
a. Cosmic rays
b. Radon
c. Wastes from research and nuclear power plants
d. Medical procedures like x-rays
e. Eating too many bananas
f. Eating off of red Fiesta Ware plates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When protons are very close together, which is stronger?
a. Strong nuclear force
b. Electrive repulsive force
c. Neither, they are equal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When protons are not very close together, which is stronger?
a. Strong nuclear force
b. Electric repulsive force
c. Neither, they are equal |
|
Definition
| b. Electric repulsive force |
|
|
Term
A nucleon is
a. The center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are found
b. A proton or electron
c. A neutron or an electron
d. A proton or a neutron |
|
Definition
| a. The center of an atom where the protons and neutrons are found |
|
|
Term
Which particle(s) has/have strong nuclear force helping to hold them together?
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Electrons
d. a and b
e. a and c
f. b and c
g. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is more sensitive to distance?
a. The strong nuclear force
b. The repulsive electric force |
|
Definition
| b. The repulsive electric force |
|
|
Term
Large atoms have _____
a. The same number of protons and neutrons
b. Very similar numbers of protons and neutrons
c. More protons than neutrons
d. More neutrons than protons
|
|
Definition
| d. More neutrons than protons |
|
|
Term
Small atoms have _____
a. The same number of protons and neutrons
b. Very similar numbers of protons and neutrons
c. More protons than neutrons
d. More neutrons than protons |
|
Definition
| a. The same number of protons and neutrons |
|
|
Term
If a neutron is not near a proton it may
a. Turn into a proton
b. Turn into an electron
c. Break apart into a proton and an electron
d. Nothing happens, neutrons are very stable particles |
|
Definition
| c. Break apart into a proton and an electron |
|
|
Term
Which are more likely to be radioactive
a. Large atoms
b. Small atoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
All atoms
a. Larger than atomic number 83 are radioactive
b. Smaller than atomic number 83 are radioactive
c. Are radioactive if they are heated up a lot |
|
Definition
| a. Larger than atomic number 83 are radioactive |
|
|
Term
When an atom of one element turns into an atom of another element by the emission of an alpha particle or a beta particle the process is called
a. Transmutation
b. Radiation
c. Radioactivity
d. Half-life
e. Impossible, this never happens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When an atoms emits a beta particle, what happens to the atomic number of the atom?
a. It goes up by 1
b. It goes up by 2
c. It goes down by 1
d. It goes down by 2
e. It stays the same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When an atoms emits an alpha particle, what happens to the atomic number of the atom?
a. It goes up by 1
b. It goes up by 2
c. It goes down by 1
d. It goes down by 2
e. It stays the same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The time needed for half a radioactive sample to decay is its
a. Decay rate
b. Transmutation rate
c. Half-life
d. Radioactivity
e. Isotope dating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We can determine the half-life of an element by
a. Waiting a really long time and seeing how much of it has changed and how much of the original stuff is left
b. Measuring the amount of radioactivity given off by a known amount of a radioactive substance in a set amount of time |
|
Definition
| b. Measuring the amount of radioactivity given off by a known amount of a radioactive substance in a set amount of time |
|
|
Term
If you have a sample of a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of one day, how much of the original sample remains at the end of 3 days?
a. All of it
b. Half of it
c. a quarter of it
d. An eighth of it
e. None of it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon formed
a. By radiation released from the earth
b. By radiation from nuclear power plants
c. By radiation from nuclear testing
d. By cosmic rays in the atmosphere breaking atoms apart, and the resutling highly energized neutrons hitting nitrogen atoms |
|
Definition
| d. By cosmic rays in the atmosphere breaking atoms apart, and the resulting highly energized neutrons hitting nitrogen atoms |
|
|
Term
You have a radioactive carbon-14 inside you from
a. The air you breath
b. The water you drink
c. The food you eat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Carbon-14 is constantly breaking down, by emitting beta particles and turning into
a. Carbon 12
b. Nitrogen 12
c. Nitrogen 14
d. Oxygen 16 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When living things die, they stop taking in carbon-14, and the amount in their body _____ over time.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Stays the same |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We can use information on carbon-14's decay rate to determine
a. How old rocks are
b . How old the earth is
c. How old living things are
d. How long ago a living thing died |
|
Definition
| d. How long ago a living thing died |
|
|
Term
When a cell is damaged by radiation
a. It always causes death to the cell
b. It may repair the damage and operate normally
c. It induces radiation poisoning
d. There is a high probability of cancer |
|
Definition
| b. It may repair the damage and operate normally |
|
|
Term
If radiation causes damage to a cell, and the cell is not effectively repaired
a. The outcome is always cancer
b. Any future offspring of the person will carry the mutation
c. The cell may be removed by the immune system
d. The cell will die |
|
Definition
| c. The cell may be removed by the immune system |
|
|
Term
The cells that are most sensitive to radiation damage are those that
a. Do not divide
b. Divide rapidly
c. Divide slowly or not very often |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A large does of radiation in a short period of time is call
a. An acute dose
b. A chronic dose
c. A lethal dose |
|
Definition
|
|
