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Intro to Pharm
KYCOM Block 9
39
Pharmacology
Graduate
08/05/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
pharmacology: definition, what subjects is it composed of
Definition
study of interaction of chemicals with living systems

combines biochemistry, pathophysiology, molecular biology, microbiology, and organic chemistry
Term
hoq is the success of a drug measured (3)
Definition
insturments (BP cuff), lab tests on fluid or tissue, observation of pt symptoms
Term
how does a doc choose a drug? 9 criteria
Definition
patient population of the specility (knowledge of drugs), decide if the new drug is really bettwe, experimentation, experience, variability of the patient, lab results, emergent or non emergent results needed, patient status changes, drug interactions/multiple illnesses
Term
what biological differences may alter choice in drug (4)
Definition
body size, personal response to drug, patient preferences, age
Term
define drug
Definition
substance that acts on libing systems at a chemical or molecular level
Term
define drug receptor
Definition
molecular component a drug interacts with
Term
define medical pharmacology
Definition
study of drugs for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease
Term
define toxicology: what is its root subject, what substances does it include
Definition
study of undersiable effects of chemicals on living systems

part of pharmacology

deals with industrial pollutants, organice and inorganic poisons, and other chemicals
Term
define pharmacodynamics: what are three types of examples of subjects within this topic
Definition
action of a drug in the body

receptor interactions, dose response (side effects), mechanism of theraputic and toxic action
Term
define pharmacokinetics: what processes does this involve
Definition
actions of the body on a drug

absorption, distribution, biodisposition (metabolism and excretion)
Term
define therapeutic inxex: what is a aka
Definition
margin of safety

measure of how safe a drug is
Term
how is the TI calculated: give equation and word definition
Definition
ratio of dose that causes toxicity in 50% of the population to dose that causes clinical response in 50% of the population

TI=TD50/ED50
Term
explain how the number given for TI is interperteted
Definition
small TI is bad. if very small it could mean even putting doses too close together could cause overdose

example: TI of 10 means 10xED becomes toxic
Term
when is a pharmological response the greatest
Definition
when the concentration of the drug at the point of action is the highest
Term
what are the three ways to name drugs, how is each determined, which do we care about
Definition
chemical: molecular structure (dont care)
generic: US adopted name council (comlex cares)
trade: drug company (we care sometimes)
Term
what qualifies drug pregnacy category A
Definition
safe, no risk to fetus in any trimester
Term
what qualifies drug pregnacy category B
Definition
mostly safe, animal studies may show risk but human studies dont
Term
what qualifies drug pregnacy category C
Definition
unsure if safe, benifit may outweigh risk, there were no studies
Term
what qualifies drug pregnacy category D
Definition
will harm fetus, positive evidence of fetal risk, only use if benifit to mom > risk to fetus
Term
what are examples of drugs in category d
Definition
ACEI, ARBs, anticonvulsants
Term
what qualifies drug pregnacy category X
Definition
never use will harm fetus, animal or human studies show fetal abnormalities, risk always > benifit
Term
what are examples of drugs in category X
Definition
OCs, statins
Term
when prescribing a drug in category X at any time, what needs to be done
Definition
inform female patient not to get pregnant
Term
what is another way to say a drug harms the fetus
Definition
termatogenic
Term
what is the purpose of the controlled substance act
Definition
regulate manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and use of all CNS drugs
Term
which drugs are an exception to the controlled substance act
Definition
alcohol, tobacco, and states can make more strict laws
Term
schedule C-I: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples
Definition
highest abuse potential

no medical use allowrd, only experimental

heroin, LSD, marijuna, PCP
Term
schedule C-II: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples
Definition
high abuse potential

may cause dependence, accepted for medical use, no refills allowed, perscription must be signed

morphine, amphetamine, fentaynl
Term
schedule C-III: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples
Definition
moderate abuse potential

may cause moderate dependence, accepted medical use, perscription may be phoned in, no more than 5-6 refills

codine for pain, steroids, sedatives, stimulants
Term
schedule C-IV: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples
Definition
less abuse potential

no restrictions for medical use, perscription can be phoned in, no more than 5-6 refills

benzodiazepine
Term
schedule C-V: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples
Definition
least abuse potential

no medical restrictions, can be bought OTC sometimes

codine for cough
Term
what are the 4 categories of drug characteristics
Definition
physical, size, reactivity/bonding, shape
Term
what are the possible physical characterisics of drugs
Definition
solid, liquid, gas
Term
how does the size of a drug affect its function
Definition
related to specific receptor

related to ability to move within the body, smaller can cross more selective barriers (BBB, placenta)
Term
what types of bonds to drugs use to bind to their receptors from strongest to weakest
Definition
covalent, ionic, hydrogen, dipole dipole, hydrophobic interactions
Term
covalent bond: strength, effect on drug, proportion of drugs with them
Definition
strong irreversible bond

not common

drug that binds covalently is long lasting because it is hard to remove
Term
what is the major difference in the function of strong vs weak bonds in drugs
Definition
strong bonds only have one bond making it more likley that they will bind something else that isnt the receptor

weak bonds have multiple bonds to the receptor, making it less likley something other than the intended receptor will have the exact configuration to accomodate all those bonds
Term
why is drug shape important, what is the main thing about shape we are concerned about
Definition
important for proper binding, chirality or steriosmerism is the most important part of shape
Term
what does it mean for a drug when it has multiple enatiomer possabilities
Definition
one will fit the receptor and will work the best, the others may be toxic, useless, too susceptible to metabolism
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