Term
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Definition
| master controlling and communicating system of body |
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Definition
| information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes |
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Definition
| processing and interpretation of sensory input |
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Definition
| activation of effector organs to produce a response |
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Definition
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Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
| brain and spinal cord; integration and control center |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| consists mainly of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| sensory (afferent) division |
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Definition
| somatic sensory fibers and visceral sensory fibers that convey impulses to the CNS |
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Definition
| convey impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| convey impulses from visceral organs to CNS |
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Term
| motor (efferent) division |
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Definition
| transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands; includes somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle; voluntary nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary regulation of smooth/cardiac muscle and glands with two subdivisions sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| small cells that surround and wrap delicate neurons; helper cells |
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Term
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Definition
| excitable cells that transmit electrical signals |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS; most abundant and versatile glial cells; cling to neurons of CNS, synaptic endings, and capillaries to protect, control chemical environment, respond to nerve impulses and transmitters, and participate in information processing |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS; small, oval cells with thorny processes between motor neurons; migrate towards injured neurons; eat microorganisms and neural debris |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS; can range from squamous to columnar (possibly ciliated); line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column; maintains the cerebrospinal fluid and create the blood/brain barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS; branched cells; form myelin sheath around nerve fibers that help to insulate |
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Term
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Definition
| PNS; surround neuron cell body; similar to astrocytes in CNS |
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Term
| schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) |
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Definition
| PNS; surround peripheral nerve fibers with myelin sheaths for insulation; similar functions oligodendrocytes in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| structural unit of nervous system; large and highly specialized to conduct impulses; amitotic |
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Term
| biosynthetic center of neuron |
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Definition
| synthesizes proteins, membranes, and other chemicals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| armlike processes extend from cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of neuron processes in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of neuron processes in PNS |
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Term
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Definition
| receptive region of neuron; convey incoming messages to body cell as graded potentials (short distance signals) which are not action potentials; collect information with dendritic spines |
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Term
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Definition
| impulse-generating and conducting region of neuron; lacks rough ER and golgi apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
| cone shaped area of cell body |
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Definition
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Definition
| occasional branching of nerve fibers |
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Term
| axon terminals (terminal boutons) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protects and electrically insulates axon; increases speed of nerve impulse and transmission; segmented sheath around most long or large-diameter axons |
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Term
| myelin sheaths gaps (nodes of Ranvier) |
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Definition
| gaps between schwann cells where branches can emerge |
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Term
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Definition
| regions of brain and spinal cord with dense collections of myelinated fibers; usually tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| mostly neuron cell bodies and nonmyelinated fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| lie between motor and sensory neurons; most within CNS; 99% of body's neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| opposite charges attract each other |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of potential energy generated by separated charge |
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Term
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Definition
| flow of electrical charge (ions) between two points |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Current (I) = voltage (V) / resistance (R) |
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Term
| leakage (nongated) channels |
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Definition
| channels that are always open |
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Term
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Definition
| part of protein changes shape (the "gate") to open/close |
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Term
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Definition
| incoming signals operating over short distances |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron conducting impulses toward synapse; sends the information |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron transmitting electrical signal away from synapse; receives the information |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of neurotransmitters by astrocytes or axon terminal |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of neurotransmitter by enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of neurotransmitter where the neurotransmitter leave the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| summation type "same place, different time" |
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Term
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Definition
| summation type "same time, different places" |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission; change ionic current |
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Term
| G protein-linked receptor |
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Definition
| neurotransmitter receptor that oversees slow synaptic responses; causes more metabolic changes |
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