Term
| what does AIDS stand for? |
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Definition
Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
it is caused by HIV-1 |
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Term
| what are the modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
blood transfusion
sex
intravenous needles
placenta and breast milk |
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Term
| what is the latent period for HIV |
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Definition
3-10 weeks from time of exposure
symptoms can take 3months to 10 yrs
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Term
|
Definition
ELISA test followed by western blot
look at T cells and CD count
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Term
| if t cell count or CD4 is below 200 what happens |
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Definition
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Term
| if T cell or CD4 is at 500 what happens |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
fungal infections (oral candida albicans)
viral infections:
-herpes simplex(cold sore)
-hairy leukoplakia
-oral lesions of chicken pox, etc. |
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Term
| what is the cure for candida albicans |
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Definition
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Term
| what do we know about nug/anug |
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Definition
smells bad
punches out papilla
high amoung of gram negative bacteria
red
stress related |
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Term
| what are some oral risk factors for HIV/AIDS |
|
Definition
gingivitis
rapid perio involvement
anug
caries
erosion from stomach acid
xerostomia
parotiditis (swelling of parotid) |
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Term
|
Definition
an oral manifestation of the HIV/AIDS patient
can be light or dark
raised or flat and often looks bruised |
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Term
|
Definition
sores in the mouth related to HIV/AIDS
like canker sores
a vesicle ruptures and forms spherical ulcer
has elevated rim |
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Term
| what are some other health problems for AIDS patients? |
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Definition
-non hodgkins lymphoma
-pneumonia
-tuberculosis
-cytomegalovirus (droplet transmission by eye or saliva) |
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Term
| what medication is used to treat AIDS |
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Definition
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Term
| What should a healthy T cell count be for an aids patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of flouride does the DH recommend to AIDS patient? |
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Definition
| MI flouride varnish it is rich with calcium |
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Term
| what are some types of venerial diseases? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you do to treat AIDS patient as far as infection control? |
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Definition
| do nothing different always take precautions with every patient |
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Term
| where is gonorrhea normally found? |
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Definition
in pharynx
gingiva
tongue
soft palate
grows primarily in genitourinary tract |
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Term
|
Definition
negative aerobic gonorrhea
coinfected with chlamydia trachomatis |
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Term
| what does gonorrhea look like |
|
Definition
gray - white or yellow patches
gray membrane
sloughs off leaving irritated bright red |
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Term
| what are common symptoms of gonorrhea |
|
Definition
itching burning
painful urination
discharge
backache |
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Term
| what can gonorrhea resist |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some complications of gonorrhea |
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Definition
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Term
| glossitis and stomatitis are complications of what venereal disease? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-T. pallidum
-spirochetes anaerobic
-transmitted by sexual contact or skin and mucus membrane
-limited to human host |
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Term
| how long after exposure does secondary syphilis show up? |
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Definition
6-8 weeks
can be assymptomatic for 2-6 months
symptoms like flu
mucus patches can be found on lips, soft palate, and tongue
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Term
| what venereal disease has painless shallow ulcers ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
true false
syphilis can cross placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| syphilis spreads to all organs by way of? |
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Definition
| lymphatic system and blood stream |
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Term
| what are the stages of syphilis? |
|
Definition
primary
secondary
tertiary |
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Term
| what are some indications of primary syphilis>? |
|
Definition
-lesions may appear
-common lesions on lips
-could involve tongue/oral mucosa
-2-3 weeks after exposure (lesions last 3-5 weeks)
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Term
| what is gumma stage related to? |
|
Definition
tertiary syphilis
inflammatory granulomatous lesions with central zone of necrosis |
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Term
| where is tertiary syphilis? |
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Definition
-tongue
-palate
-facial bones |
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Term
| is tertiary syphilis contagious? |
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Definition
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Term
| how long can it take to develop tertiary syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 main systems does tertiary syphilis involve that can result in paresis(loss of fine muscle control), personality changes, and cardiovasular involvement? |
|
Definition
Central nervous system
spinal cord |
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Term
| what are some oral manifestations of syphilis patients? |
|
Definition
hutchisons incisors (notched, bell shaped)
and mulburry molars |
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Term
|
Definition
| malformed 1st molars characterized by dwarfing of cusps |
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Term
| where do cold sores come from? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
true/false
most humans have some form of herpes simplex that was introduced as baby/child? |
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Definition
| true most humans have a form of herpes simplex could have been introduced early in life, usually appear when fever or sickness occurs |
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Term
| are antibodies produced for herpes simplex |
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Definition
| they are produced, but no guarantee that immunity is present for recurring herpes |
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Term
| what us the fluid that serves as a reservoir for viruses |
|
Definition
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Term
| what is the prodromal stage of cold sore manifestations |
|
Definition
before lesion appears
a burning or stinging or swelling may occur as forwarning |
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Term
| what is the most contagious stage of herpes |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| vermillion border and attached gingiva |
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Term
| when happens after prodromal stage |
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Definition
| crusting occurs and it takes about 10 days to heal |
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Term
| what stages should a DH avoid treating a herpes patient? |
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Definition
| prodromal and vesicle stage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is herpetic whitlow? |
|
Definition
| herpes in finger around fingernail from infected saliva |
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Term
| how long can it take for herpetic whitlow to heal? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
HSV 1 or HSV 2 splashed into eye
can extend to face
infants can be infected at birth (could cause blindness) |
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Term
| what is the disease process for ocular herpes? |
|
Definition
-fever, pain, blurred vision
-swelling excess tears
-herpes conjunctivitis
-blindness |
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Term
| how long does aphthous ulcer last |
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Definition
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Term
| what can aggravate aphthous ulcers |
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Definition
| sodium laurel sulfate in toothpaste |
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Term
| what are some alternatives to toothpaste that do not have sodium laural sulfate for patients with aphthous ulcers? |
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Definition
rembrandt
retardx
clo-sys products in dental offices |
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Term
| what form of Hepatitis comes from waterborne, foodborne, unsanitary conditions, and is fecal-oral, and is rarely transmitted by blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the incubation period for Hep A? |
|
Definition
15-50 days
flu like symptoms occur
jaundice
antibodies form |
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Term
| when would you get vaccine for Hep A? |
|
Definition
when going overseas
usually requires booster |
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Term
| how is hep b transmitted? |
|
Definition
blood and bodily fluids
tears, perspiration, nasal secretions, urine, saliva |
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Term
| what are the modes of transmission for hep b? |
|
Definition
percutaneous
needle
perinatal exposure
sex
blood transfusion |
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Term
| who is at risk for HEP B? |
|
Definition
infants of hiv mothers
drug users
healthcare workers
homosexuals
heterosexuals with multiple partners
blood transfusion before 1985
household contacts |
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Term
| what is the incubation period for HEP B? |
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Definition
2-3 months it is communicable in 30 days
symptoms are not obvious |
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Term
| what are symptoms of HEP B |
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Definition
fever
malaise
symptoms can last 4-6 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
an individual with marker in blood for more than 6 months (5-10% become chronic)
usually starts with jaundice and cirrosis of liver follows |
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Term
| what is the % of carrier state HEP B that become chronic? |
|
Definition
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Term
| what is involved in HEP B vaccine? |
|
Definition
initial dose
1 month later
6 months later |
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Term
| what are 2 types of HEP B prevention |
|
Definition
synthetic
or active (comes from actual infected person |
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Term
| what is gamma globulin used for? |
|
Definition
| post exposure of HEP b used to boost immunity |
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Term
| what form of hepatitis is most likely to acquire liver cancer?? |
|
Definition
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Term
| How is HEP C transmitted? |
|
Definition
| Blood, needles, sex, perinatal |
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Term
| what % of carriers of HEp C become chronic? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Hepatitis Delta
present with multiple exposures of hep B often piggybacks on Hep B |
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Term
|
Definition
| comes from blood, drug users, homosexuals and unsanitary conditions its like A& B together |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| what would a DH not use to clean teeth on Hep patients |
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Definition
| air polisher, ultrasonic due to aerosols and spread of infection? |
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