Goals:

Controlling Crime

Goals: 

Preventing Crime

Deterrence effect police, courts, corrections

Citizen involvment

Goals: 

Doing Justice

1. Offenders rheld accountable
2. Rights of the people inthe system will be protected
3. same level of treatment, but differences in offender

Goals:

Reality

Characteristics:

Sequential Tasks

Decisions in the criminal justice system are made in specific squence.

Example: Prosecutors

Example: Corrections Officials 

Characteristics:

Filtering

Characteristics:

Discretion

Characteristics:

Resource Dependence

• CJ Agencies do not create their own resources. Must rely on other agencies for $$$
• Tax-funded=Limited resources

Two competing models of administration of justice

1. Speedy Trial
2. Time consumed trial

Crinimal Justice

The Wedding Cake

Layer 2: The Serious Felonies

Layer 3: The Lesser Felonies

layer 4: The misdemeanors

Morally Wrong

Example: Prostitution

Illegal 

Crimes in legal businesses or professions.

Example: White Collar Crime

The organization of offenders as opposed to specific kinds of crime

Examples: money laundering

Willing and private exchange of illegal goods and services in strong demand

Examples: Prostiution

Crimes of ideology, & can be: 

• threats against the state
• threat by the state

Crimes of ideology, & can be: 

• threats against the state
• threat by the state

Men, youth, & non-whites

Suggest that lifestyle choices directly affect the chances of victimization

Race is a key factor in exposure to crime 

Income levels, exposure to crime 

Acquaintances & strangers 

fewer criminal incidents involve strangers

Men, youth, & non-whites

Suggest that lifestyle choices directly affect the chances of victimization

Race is a key factor in exposure to crime 

Income levels, exposure to crime 

Acquaintances & strangers 

fewer criminal incidents involve strangers

• Crime is a public offense
• Sancation can range from a fine to incarceration or even death
• The gov. ordinarily does not appeal
• Fines to the state

• Regulates relations between individuals
• Sancation is monteary damages
• Theindividual brings the action
• both parties can appeal 
• The indvs recieve damages as compesation for harm done

Elements of Crime

(courpus delicti)

Motive 

• A persons reason for committing a crime 
• Not necessary for conviction

• A person's mental state during commission of the crime 
• Necessary for conviction

Entrapment 

Self-defense 

Necessity 

Duress

Consent 

Immaturity 

Mistake

Intoxicatin

Insanity

First ten Amendments

Purpose to prevent the federal gov. from abusing its power

Double jeopardy 

self-incrimination

Right to speedy trial

Right to Impartial Jury 

Right to be informed of chages

Right to confront witness

Right ot assistance of counsel

Excessive bail and fines

cruel and unusual punishment

Policing:

Discretion 

all arrest must be supported by probable cause

Police Response 

Reactive- occuring in response, such as police activity in repsonse to notification that a crime has been committed

Proactive- Acting in anticipation, such as an active search for potential offenders that is initiated by the police w/o waiting for a crime to be reported

Patrol Personnel 

Preventing Patrol-Has long been thought to help deter crime

Hot Stops- Focuson places where crime likely to occur

Directed Patrol- driects resources to known high-crime areas

Aggressive patrol- designed to maximize the # of police interventions & observations int the community 

Planview Doctrine

Deprivation of libetry or property must not be "unreasonable"

Arrest can be seizure

Property can be siezed 

Arrest:

Warrantless searches

1. Special needs beyond the normal puposes of law 
2. stop and frisk on the streets
3. exigent circumstnces
4. constent
5. atuomobile searches

Police Mission:

1. Enforce the law
2. Apprehend offenders
3. Prevent Crime
4. Preservine the peace
5. providing services

Police styles:

James Wilson

1. Watchman 
2. Legalistic 
3. Service

1. Right to remain silent 
2. Statement can will be used in against them in court
3. Right to attorney, oresent during interrogation
4. If you cannot afford and attorney, state will provide

1985- Deadly force may not be used against unarmed, feeling suspects unless:

necessary to prevent the escape

officer has probable cause to believe the suspect offender is danger to officers.

1. Colonial Era 
2. Political Era
3. Professinal Era
4. Community Policing Era

Three effects on law enforcment:

Suspects left free to engage in crime

Morale Damaged & lax supervision

Image of police suffers

In the united states, both state and federal courts use 

vs.

Other Countries