Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - authors |
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Definition
| Hirokawa and Gouran (with edits by Stohl and Holmes) |
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Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - 4 requisite functions of effective decision making |
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Definition
4 requite functions of effective decision making
1. Analysis of problem
2. Goal setting
3. Identification of alternatives
4. Evaluation of positive and negative characteristics
(later theories split into two) |
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Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - most important step |
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Definition
| Evaluation of negative consequences of alternative solutions |
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Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - 3 types of communication |
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Definition
Promotive – interaction that moves group along goal path by calling attention to one of the four requisite decision-making functions
Disruptive – interaction that diverts, retards, or frustrates group members’ ability to achieve the four task functions
Counteractive – interaction that members use to get group back on track |
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Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - Stohl & Holmes contributions (functional group perspective) |
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Definition
Historical function element
Institutional function element |
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Term
| Group decision making/functional group perspective - difference between Bale's |
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Definition
Bale – groups focus on two functions: task function and relationship function; said group communication won’t happen unless members both ask for and offer info, opinions, suggestions
Difference: Hirokawa included “disruptive” |
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Term
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Definition
Criteria of good theory
• Explanation of data
• Prediction of future
• Relative simplicity
• Testable hypotheses
• Quantitative research
• Practical utility |
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Term
| Rhetoric of Aristotle - 3 big things |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| McLuhan (w/ contributions by Postman) |
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Term
| Media ecology - Postman's contribution |
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Definition
believed primary task of media ecology is to make moral judgments
o Faustian bargain – new technology sometimes creates more than it destroys
o Questions
• What is the problem to which this technology is a solution?
• Whose problem is it actually?
• If there is a legitimate problem to be solved, what other problems will be created by my using this technology? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Attempts to make sense of the fact that people consume dazzling array of media messages for all sorts of reasons, and that effect of a given message is unlikely to be the same for everyone
• People have needs that they seek to gratify through media use |
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Term
| Cultivation theory - authors |
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Definition
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Term
| Cultivation theory - boundaries |
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Definition
| Violence on TV, eating disorder study |
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Term
| Cultivation theory - light viewers & heavy viewers |
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Definition
o Light viewing – <2 hours a day – 25% - 1 in 100 chance of being a victim
o Heavy viewing - >4 hours a day – 25% - 1 in 10 chance of being a victim |
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Term
| Agenda-setting theory - authors |
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Definition
| McCombs & Shaw (McCombs w/ extended) |
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Term
| Agenda-setting theory - gist |
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Definition
• Mass media have the ability to transfer the salience of items on their news agendas to the public agenda
• Relevance/uncertainty play key roles; uses and grats focus on later research |
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Term
| Agenda-setting theory - extended |
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Definition
o Revised version of theory
o Media tells us how to think and what to think about it
o Framing – “to frame is to select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient in a communication text”
o Media may also tell us what to do about it – currently being researched |
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Term
| Communication-accommodation theory |
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Definition
| Convergence - intergenerational, police-citizen contact, etc; meets explanation of data, prediction of future, practical utility; does not meet relative simplicity, testable hypotheses, quantitative research |
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Term
| Muted group theory - author |
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Definition
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Term
| Muted group theory - women's shifts |
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Definition
o First shift: work 8 hour days
o Second shift: home for dinner, tidying house, getting kids to bed
o Third shift: online education
o Men often dominate women in online class discussions, despite flexibility in scheduling; Kramarae argues that professors should serve as discussion moderators who actively work against muting and sexual harassment; criticized administrators who treat female online students like they’re on “sidelines of higher education” while ignoring social realities that limit women’s participation in traditional classrooms |
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Term
| Standpoint theory - authors |
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Definition
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Term
| Standpoint theory - western knowledge + author |
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Definition
Harding -
• Western perspective is that anyone could discover global truths
• Harding argues that there is no possibility of an unbiased perspective from a particular historical situation |
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