Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the directional terms unique to CNS? |
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Definition
rostral- toward nose
caudal- toward tail |
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Term
| How does the brain develop? |
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Definition
| arises from rostral part of neural tube; hollow part of tube becomes central cavity of brain |
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Term
| What are the 3 primary brain vesicles in 4-week embryo? |
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Definition
1. Prosencephalon- forebrain
2. Mesencephalon- midbrian
3. Rhombencephalon- hindbrain |
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Term
| What do the primary brain vesicles divide into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the prosencephalon divide into? |
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Definition
1. telencephalon
2. diecephalon |
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Term
| What does the mesencephalon divide into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the rhobencephalon divide into? |
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Definition
1. metencephalon
2. myelencephalon |
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Term
| What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, telencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, diencephalon? |
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Definition
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus (pineal gland) |
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Term
| What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Mesencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Metencephalon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structures of the adult brain are derived from the 2ndary vesicle, Myelencephalon |
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Definition
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Term
Embryonic development of Brain:
-flexion
-wrinkling |
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Definition
Flexion (bending) of Tube
-cerebral hemispheres envelop the diencephalon and midbrain
-Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata=brain stem
Wrinkling of cerebral hemisperes
-more neurons fit w/in limited space
-Gyri and Sulci |
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Term
| What is lateral to the neural tube during embryonic development? |
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Definition
| Neuroblasts cluster into dorsal (alar**) plates and ventral (basal**) plates |
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Term
| what is the basic plan during embryonic development? |
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Definition
alar plates become interneurons in CNS
Basal plate becomes motor neurons |
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Term
| Which (alar/basal) do sensory neurons arise from? |
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Definition
| Sensory neurons do NOT come from alar/basal plates, they are from neural crest cells |
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Term
Ventricles of the brain are-
expansions of -
Filled with-
Lined with-
Continuous with- |
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Definition
the brains central cavity
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
ependymal cells
continuous w/each other and the central canal of the spinal cord |
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Term
| What is the extracellular fluid of CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the lateral ventricle? |
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Definition
| located in cerebral hemispheres (divided) Horseshoe shapes (ram horns) from bending of the cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
| Where is the third ventricle? |
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Definition
| lies in diencephalon- connected w/lateral ventricles by interventicular foramen |
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Term
| What does the cerebral aqueduct connect? |
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Definition
| 3rd and 4th ventricle, lies in midbrain |
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Term
| Where is the 4th ventricle? |
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Definition
lies in pons and medulla oblongata
-connects the central canal of the spinal cord. |
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Term
| What does the CSF provide? |
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Definition
| a liquid cushion for the brain and spinal cord; noursishes cells (filtrate of blood) |
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Term
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Definition
choroid plexuses in brain ventricles
-capillary rich membranes (folded) closely associated w/ ependymal cells |
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Term
| Where and how is CSF returned to blood? |
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Definition
in dorsal sinuses through arachnoid villi
(500 mL/day) |
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Term
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Definition
cover and protect CNS
Enclose and protect the vessels that supply the CNS
Contain the CSF
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
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Term
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Definition
strongest of meninges
dense irregular connective tissue
has 2 layers: fused except to enclose dural sinuses
1. periosteal layer
2. meningeal layer |
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Term
| What is the largest sinus, and what does the dura matter divide? |
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Definition
superior sagittal sinus
dura mater extends inward to subdivide the cranial cavity |
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Term
| What is the arachnoid mater? |
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Definition
| located beneath dura mater |
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Term
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Definition
| potential space between dura and arachnoid mater |
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Term
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Definition
filled with CSF
contains blood vessels that supply brain |
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Term
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Definition
| allow csf to pass into the dural blood sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
delicate connective tissue
clings tightly to surface of brain , follows all convolutions of the cortex |
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Term
| What is the blood brain barrier? |
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Definition
protection of the brain
-prevents most blood-born toxins from entering brain (impermeable capilaries)
Not an absolute barrier-
nutrients such as oxygen pass through
allows alcohol, nicotense and anesthetics through
Tight juntions between cells in brain and capillaries:
-exhange dependednt on transport thru capillary cells (not between cells)
-allows selectivity- theses cells have specific transport proteins |
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