Term
| Dual innervation is supplied to most organs except what major organ? Which part of the ANS innervates it? |
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Definition
The blood vessels.
Only have sympathetic innervation |
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Term
| Parasympathetic postganglionic receptors are of what general type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathethic postganglionic receptors are of what type? |
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Definition
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Term
| neuromuscular junction neurotransmitter is ____ and binds to ____ receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sweat glands use what NT and what receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the excitatory muscarinic receptors and their intracellular signaling pathway |
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Definition
M1, M3, and M5 (odds)
Operate via Gq activation leading to activation of PLC |
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Term
| Name the Inhibitory muscarinic receptors and their intracellular signaling pathway |
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Definition
| M2, and M4. Operate via Gi and inhibit adenylate cyclase production of cAMP. |
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Term
| Major cardiovascular result of M2 binding and activation? Intracellular path to obtain effects? |
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Definition
| reduced heart rate and conduction via increase K efflux and decrease cAMP via Gi receptor. |
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Term
| M3 mediated effects on smooth muscle, glands, and endothelium |
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Definition
| contraction of smooth muscle (asthma), stimulation of glands, and NO mediated vascular smooth muscle dilation of vessels. |
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Term
| alpha-1 adrenergic receptor action and intracellular effect |
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Definition
| a-1 mediates vasoconstriction via Gq receptor stimulating PLC -->IP3 and DAG. |
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Term
| alpha-2 mediated effects? mechanism of signal transduction? |
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Definition
inhibits NE release from presynaptic terminals, some vasoconstriction and decrease insulin secretion**
Gi receptor that decreases cAMP |
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Term
| beta-1 mechanism of signal transduction and effects? |
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Definition
| binds to Gs and stimulates production of cAMP, causing increase in HR, contractility, conduction and **renin secretion** |
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Term
| beta-2 mechanism of signal transduction and effects |
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Definition
| binds Gs causing increase in cAMP and **relaxes smooth muscle**, causes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and increases insulin secretion. |
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Term
| What innervates the ciliary muscle and what does this muscle do when it relaxes? what makes it relax? |
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Definition
| both SNS and PNS innervate the muscle. when in relaxes the ciliary fibers tighten and the lense flattens. that allows you to see far. Sounds crazy. but it's right |
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Term
| what receptor mediates dilation of the pupil? |
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Definition
| alpha 1 receptor on the dilator pupillae |
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Term
| What receptor mediates the constriction of the pupil? |
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Definition
| M3 receptor on the constrictor pupillae. |
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Term
| What produces aqueous humor? normal intraocular pressure |
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Definition
ciliary epithelium.
12-20 mm Hg |
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Term
| What controls aqueous humor secretion? |
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Definition
| primarily SNS controlled. SNS activation via alpha receptors causes vasoconstriction of the ciliary capillary beds and reduces production. B-2 receptors cause vasodilation and increase secretion. |
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Term
| What drugs increase aqueous humor drainage? |
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Definition
muscarinic agonists and AchE inhibitors increse the DRAINAGE.
remember that the ciliary epithelium (producers of fluid) are under control of SNS. and thus if you used PNS mediators to vasodilate, you increase drainage w/o effecting production |
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Term
| what two types of receptors are in the lung and what are their actions? |
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Definition
minimal sympathetic innervation to the lungs. the PNS acts via M3 --> vasoconstriction and via B2 --. bronchodilation (not innervation, just epithelial receptors)
Trachial SM, Bronchial SM, and Bronchial glands are under M3 PNS control. |
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Term
| what heart node is innervated primarily by the left vagus? right vagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What node does the sympathetic system primaily innervate? |
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Definition
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Term
| which has greater effect in the heart B1 or B2? |
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Definition
| B1. very little B2 in the heart. |
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Term
| Modulation of the SA node in the heart will effect what cardiovascular quality? |
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Definition
| heart rate. The rest of the heart innervation is to adjust contractility or conduction velocity. |
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Term
| what sympathetic receptor dilates coronary arteries? |
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Definition
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Term
| for the baroreceptor reflex, what receptors are activated in order to maintain blood pressure after a drop in BP? |
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Definition
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Term
| what drugs are contraindicated in a pt with orthostatic hypertension? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do alpha2 and beta 2 receptors do in the pancreas? |
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Definition
a2 cause inhibition of insulin secretion
b2 causes stimulation of insulin secretion |
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Term
| innervation of the detrusor muscle? |
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Definition
PNS contracts via M3
SNS relaxes via B2 |
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Term
| Trigone and Sphincter innervation? |
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Definition
a1 causes contraction
M3 causes relaxation |
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Term
| What are the receptors in the juxtaglomelular apparatus and what do they do? |
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Definition
B1 causes renin secretion
A1 inhibits renin secretion |
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