Term
What is the distinction between “nature” vs. “nurture |
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Definition
| o How much of our behavior is determined by nature (heredity) and how much is determined by nurture, the environment or culture in which we live and learn.o Social interaction is the essential element for triggering the development of human potential that is rooted in natureo The field of sociobiology addresses the question of how human behavior is determined, but it is rooted in the nature side of the question in its examination of the biological roots of social behavior. Human behavior is largely determined by genes because humans, like other animals, are structured by nature (biology) with an innate drive to ensure that their individual genes are passed on to the next generation.o The nature v nurture debate is perhaps a false one. Scientists in all disciplines recognize that both ingredients are needed to explain human social behavior, but they differ by discipline in their emphasis on one or the other. |
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Term
| n Know the difference between Mead’s “I” and “Me” |
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Definition
| o I: That aspect of self that is spontaneous, creative, and impulsive, and sometimes unpredictable. It shows itself when feelings of emotions arise and you want to express yourself openly. Personal identity. o Me: The socialized self that makes you concerned about how others view and judge you. To not appear too boastful, you decide to express your elation over the good grade by brining it up over coffee in the student center with a close friend. The me helps control our impulses and allows us to choose our behavior rationally… think before we act.Social Identity.o Both the I and Me continually interact to help guide behavior |
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Term
| n Know the differences between Freud’s “Id”, “Superego” and “Ego.” |
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Definition
| o Id: An individual’s biological drives and impulses; the id is selfish, irrational, ever-striving for pleasure and gratification, and it is unconscious. It has no regard for anyone or anything but pleasure and gratification. Newborns as are totally id driven.o Superego: All the norms, values, and morals that are learned through socialization. These form the demands of society and are internalized as a person’s conscience. For successful socialization, the id must be controlled, and it is the task of the superego to do so. o Ego: acts as a mediator between the id and the superego. It is largely conscious and reality-based, which means it provides rational plans to get what the individual wants, but in a socially acceptable way. |
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Term
n The socialization influence of the family |
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Definition
| o The Family:1. In the child’s first years of life, the family is largely responsible for the emerging identity, self-esteem, and personality of the child.2. The family is the source of the child’s race, ethnicity, religion, and SES. These forms of social capital provide for the child’s first social placement and greatly influence how a child is raised.3. Socialization is a rocky path for all children but probably more so for children from racial minorities and immigrant families4. The first socialization into attitudes related to gender also occurs in families. Black more than White and middle class more than working class are more flexible in gender roles. The degree of socialization for role flexibility in childhood carries through to adulthood for both men and women or all races. |
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Term
| n contrast the socialization influence of the institution of education. |
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Definition
| o Education:1. In contrast to the family, the school evaluates the children on the basis of what they do rather than who they are.2. Children acquire necessary knowledge and skills, but also learn new social roles by interacting with teachers and peers.3. Core cultural values help prepare children for life in a democratic society that stresses free enterprise and capitalism-3 “I”s. Initiative, independence, individualism.4. US schools are also expected to play a role in assimilation, bringing together children from diverse cultures and subcultures and transforming them into committed Americans. 5. The hidden curriculum (informal, unwritten norms that exist both inside and outside the classroom) plays an important role in gender role socialization. It may lead to stereotyping by gender, or by teachers inadvertently transmitting beliefs to poor children and racial minorities that they cannot succeed in school. |
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