Term
|
Definition
| Techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Going along with peers- individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Casually enforcing norms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carried out by authorized agents such as police officers, judges, school administrators, employers, military officers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suggests our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups. |
|
|
Term
| Functionalist Theory of Deviance |
|
Definition
| Durkheim's Legacy- Punishments established within a culture(including both formal and informal mechanisms of social control) help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to stability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
|
|
Term
| Merton's Theory of Deviance |
|
Definition
| Anomie theory of deviance posits five basic forms of adaptation: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism |
|
|
Term
| Conformity: Accept Institutionalized means and Accept Cultural Goals |
|
Definition
| Merton's Deviance theory is goal of monetary success. Need a "good" job, and a "good" education to get the good job. People have access & it makes sense to access. |
|
|
Term
| Ritualism: Accept Institutionalized means and reject Cultural Goals. |
|
Definition
| Merton's Deviance theory: Rule following, working a regular job is the best thing to do, scale back on goals. |
|
|
Term
| Innovation: Reject Institutional means and Accept Cultural goals. |
|
Definition
| Merton's Deviance theory: Most important goal, however achieved is okay, i.e. crack dealer, Enron scandal,white collar crime & street crime is similar. |
|
|
Term
| Retreat-ism: Reject Institutionalized means and Reject Cultural goals. |
|
Definition
| Merton's Deviance theory: Failed or haven't had access to means - drop-outs, disinvest, Goal too hard, could be participant but choose not to. |
|
|
Term
| Rebellion - New means, New goals |
|
Definition
| Merton's Deviance theory: Reject means and goals, i.e. cults, revolutionaries. |
|
|
Term
| Interactionist Perspective of Deviance |
|
Definition
| Emphasis on everyday behavior as an explanation to crime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interactionist perspective that one learns criminal behavior by interacting with others. i.e. techniques of lawbreaking like breaking into a car. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interactionist perspective theory that exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to the violation of rules. |
|
|
Term
| Social Disorganization Theory |
|
Definition
| Zimbardo: Increases in crime and deviance can be attributed to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions, such as the family, school, church and local government. |
|
|
Term
| Labeling Theory- Societal-reaction approach |
|
Definition
| Deviant behavior that people label as deviant behavior. i.e. similar behavior is treated differently based on class. |
|
|
Term
| Social Constructionist perspective |
|
Definition
| Theory that deviance is the product of the culture we live in and the decision-making process that creates the deviant identity. |
|
|
Term
| Conflict Theory of Deviance |
|
Definition
| People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their own needs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In conflict theory the view that entire criminal justice systems treat suspects differently based on their racial, ethnic or social class background. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were developed with only men in mind. i.e. married rape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services. i.e. prostitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A career criminal is a person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a certain degree of status among other criminals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities, including, prostitution, gambling, and the smuggling and selling of illegal drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Income tax evasion, stock manipulation, consumer fraud, bribery and extraction of kickbacks, embezzlement, and misrepresentation in advertising. Often committed during the course of business activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Crime that occurs across multiple national borders. i.e. trafficking in child pornography. |
|
|
Term
| Crime Statistics and Index Crimes |
|
Definition
| Uniform Crime Reports published by the FBI listing eight types of crimes. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/ucr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Survey's filled out by ordinary people and not based on police reports of criminal acts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Norms so important to society they are formalized. |
|
|
Term
| Five discourses about crime - Faulty System |
|
Definition
| Frame is typified by what is referred to as the law and order perspective which maintains that people commit crimes because they know they can get away with it. Fails to acknowledge that imprisonment hardens offenders and may lead to re-offending. |
|
|
Term
| Five discourses about crime - Blocked Opportunities |
|
Definition
| Frame depicts crime as a consequence of inequality and discrimination, especially in forms of unemployment, poverty and inadequate educational opportunities. |
|
|
Term
| Five discourses in crime - Social Breakdown |
|
Definition
| Frame depicts crime as a consequence of family and community disintegration. |
|
|
Term
| Five discourses about crime - Media Violence |
|
Definition
| Frame focuses on violent crime and sees it as a consequence of violence on television, in movies and in popular music. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Racist system frame is a minority view. Focuses on criminal justice system rather than on the issue of who or what is responsible for crime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A period or episode of heightened anxiety about what are seen as symptoms of moral decline in society. The media in postmodern society can be tremendously influential in terms of amplifying and sustaining these moral panics. |
|
|
