Term
| What is the most common age for obtaining an SCI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gender is most common for SCI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ethnic group is most common for SCI? |
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Definition
| 63% is caucasian, the AA, hispanic, then other |
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Term
| What is the most common mechanism of injury for SCI? |
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Definition
41% - MVA
15% - Violence
27% - Falls |
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Term
| What is the most common mechanism for SCI after age 45? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common neurological level for SCI? |
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Definition
| Incomplete tetra, then complete para |
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Term
| Do most SCI pts have a job? |
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Definition
| Over half are unemployed at the time of injury |
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Term
| Now days, what is the typical length of stay for tetras and paras? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the leading cause of death for persons with SCI? |
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Definition
| Respiratory Complications |
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Term
| What are some direct causes of cervical injuries? |
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Definition
-Flexion - seatbelt/MVA; forward movement of body where head comes down quickly
-Vertical Compression - diving/burst fx
-Extension - Fall
-Rotation - can be combined with flex/ext |
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Term
| What are some direct causes for thoracic SCI? |
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Definition
Most are caused by excessive force b/c rib cage helps protect; violent hit
-Flexion, Rotation, Vertical Compression, Extension
-Gunshot wounds, knifings, some MVA with extreme flex/ext
-Tends to be complete |
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Term
| What are some direct causes for lumbar SCI? |
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Definition
-Tends to be incomplete here due to the large vertebral bodies to protect
-Rotation, Flexion with distraction, Shear, and Vertical Compression |
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Term
| The actual fracture or injury |
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Definition
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Term
| Swelling or bleeding in the area of injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some indirect causes of SCI? |
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Definition
-Transverse myelitis
-MS, tumor
-Spinal degeneration
-IV disk distension
-Ischemia or hemorrhage
-Congenital malformation as in spina bifida |
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Term
| Is ASIA classification for both direct and indirect injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where all extremities are involved. Impairment of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical segments of the SC. Results in the impairment of function in the UEs, trunk and LEs |
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Definition
Tetraplegia (quad)
Down to C8 |
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Term
| Where the UEs are not involved. Impairment of motor and/or sensory function in the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments of the SC. Depending on the injury level may involve the LEs and trunk. T1 is the first level for this |
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Definition
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Term
| The most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory motor function on both sides of the body. May be defined as 4 separate areas of the body such as (R sensory C3, L sensory C4, R motor C5, L motor C4) |
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Definition
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Term
| This can be tested by a pinprick or touch. It is the most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory function. May be different on each side. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most caudal segment of the SC with normal motor function. May be different on each side |
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Definition
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Term
| The spinal level where the greatest vertebral damage is found. Many times this is different than the neuro level. The neuro level is what the pt functions at. |
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Definition
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Term
| If your pt has a motor index score of 4- what is that? Also, what is a 4+ |
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Definition
4- turns into a 3
4+ turns into a 5
4 is still a 4 |
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Term
| The absence of sensory and motor function in the lowest sacral segment. No sacral sparing (S4/S5) |
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Definition
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Term
| Partial preservation of sensory and/or motor function found below the neurological level AND includes the lowest sacral segment |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensation at the anal mucocutaneous junction as well as deep anal sensation |
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Definition
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Term
| Presence of voluntary contraction of the external and anal sphincter upon digital examination |
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Definition
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Term
| Where up to 3 segments below may make some recovery. Dermatomes and myotomes caudal to the neurological level that remains partially innervated. The number of segments below the lowest normal segments is recorded as this. May be different on each side. ONLY USED FOR COMPLETE INJURIES! |
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Definition
| ZPP - Zone of Partial Preservation |
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Term
| A lesion, occurring almost exclusively in the cervical region, that produces sacral sensory sparing and greater weakness in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs |
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Definition
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Term
| A lesion that produces relatively greater ipsilateral proprioceptive and motor loss and contralateral loss of sensitivity to pin prick and temperature |
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Definition
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Term
| A lesion that produces variable loss of motor function and of sensitivity to pin prick and temperature, while preserving proprioception |
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Definition
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Term
| Injury of the sacral cord (conus) and lumbar nerve roots within the neural canal, which usually results in an areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs. Sacral segments may occasionally show preserved reflexes, e.g., bulbocavernosus and micturition reflexes |
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Definition
| Conus Medullaris Syndrome |
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Term
| Injury to the lumbosacral nerve roots within the neural canal resulting in areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by a total loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic control below the level of lesion. It occurs immediately at the time of injury and can last for hours, days or weeks after the injury. During this period, there is flaccid paralysis of all musculature below the level of lesion including the smooth muscle of the visceral systems. Usually resolves within 2 weeks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 stabilization devices |
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Definition
-Tongs (for a cervical fx)
-Halo Vest
-Cervical Collars
-Jewet/Combination
-TLSO |
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Term
| Name 4 hospital beds used for stability |
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Definition
-Stryker Frame
-Circular Frame
-Roto Rest Bed
-Standard hospital bed with special mattress |
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Term
| When taking the pts history, name some specifics related to current injury |
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Definition
-Medical conditions directly or indirectly related to the SCI
-Medications clinical laboratory and other diagnostic testing
-Medical and surgical history related to the SCI including mechanism of injury, fractures, stabilization surgeries
-Social/family info
-Pt and family goals and expected outcomes |
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Term
| What things would you look for in the systems review of the GI system? |
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Definition
-Ileus - profound decreased bowel motility can occur during the period of spinal shock, with loss of bowel sounds for 24 to 72 hours after injury.
-GI hemorrhage occurs in 3-5% of pts
-Use of corticosteroids may increase GI bleed risk |
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