Term
| What are glial cells and what are their functions? |
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Definition
They are the structural support for neurons
Functions: insulate neurons, help supply nutrients to neurons, help remove waste material for neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| receives signals from outside the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries information from nervous systems to muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Communicates only with other neurons |
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Term
| The definition and function of a cell body |
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Definition
| The cell's life support system |
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Term
| The definition and function of dendrites |
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Definition
| receive messages from other cells |
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Term
| The definition and function of AXONS |
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Definition
| transmit messages away from the cell body to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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Term
| The definition and function of MYELIN SHEATH |
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Definition
| Fatty tissue encasing the fibers of many neurons and speeds up transmission of neural signal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| At rest which side of an axon is more positive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an ACTION POTENTIAL? |
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Definition
| A brief reversal in an axon's electrical charge (outside becomes negative and inside becomes positive) |
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Term
| What is the fastest a human action potential travels? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the REFACTORY PERIOD? |
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Definition
| A brief period after an action potential during which another action potential cannot occur |
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Term
| What is ALL OR NONE TRANSMISSION? |
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Definition
| Either the axon fires or it does not |
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Term
| what are NEUROTRANSMITTERS? |
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Definition
| Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical that facilitates the action of a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical that blocks or inhibits the effects of a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurotransmitter is transported back to the sending neuron for recycling |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein molecules on the dendrite or a cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters |
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Term
| What is the relationship between acetyl choline and Alzheimer's? |
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Definition
| Acetyl choline neurons die off in Alzheimer's disease, acetyl choline is involved in attention, arousal, and memory |
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Term
| What is the relationship between Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and dopamine? |
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Definition
| schizophrenia has too much dopamine in parts of the brain while in Parkinson's disease, parts of the brain do not have enough dopamine |
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Term
| In Parkinson's, why is L-dopa used instead of dopamine? |
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Definition
| L-dopa is able to get past the blood brain barrier while dopamine gets stuck in the blood brain barrier |
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Term
| How are Prozac and serotonin related? |
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Definition
| Serotonin affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal while Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. |
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Term
| What is the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body |
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Term
| Definition and function of the SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
controls the bodies skeletal muscles
FUNCTIONS:
carries information to carry out voluntary movement and it also carries information about the current state of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of axons routed together through the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| What is the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| Controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs |
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Term
| What is the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| Arouses the body mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
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Term
| What is PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| calms the body conserving energy and stimulate erection of sex organs |
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Term
| What is the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| Consists of the brain and spinal cord; protects the skull and backbone, meninges: 3 coverings of the brain, and cerebral spinal fluid system (nourishes and crushes the brain) |
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Term
| What is the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER? |
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Definition
| A semi-permeable membrane that prevents some chemicals from going into the brain |
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Term
| What are the 3 methods of studying the brain? |
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Definition
1. clinical observations
2. manipulate the brain
3. electrical stimulation |
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Term
| What is ELECTRICAL STIMULATION/ RECORDING? |
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Definition
| putting electrodes in the brain and increasing activity in that part of the brain as well as recording brain activities |
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Term
| Out of all of the neuroimaging techniques, which show the structures of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Out of all of the neuroimaging techniques, which ones are used for functions of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
What is....
1. CAT scan
2. PET scan
3. MRI
4. fMRI |
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Definition
1. shows the structure of the brain
2. Shows hwo active parts of the brain are
3. picture of the structure of the brain
4. measure of activity |
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Term
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Definition
| controls the heartbeat and breathing |
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Term
| What is RETICULAR FORMATION? |
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Definition
| relays information to the upper part of the brain, involved in controlling breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, swallowing, urination, and movements of face and tongue, also controls sleep, wakefulness, and arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends sensory information to higher levels of the brain for processing (except sense or smell) |
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Term
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Definition
| it coordinates voluntary movement |
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Term
| What is the LIMBIC SYSTEM? |
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Definition
| it is involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. Also includes Amygdala which is linked to emotion especially to rage and fear |
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Term
| What is the HYPOTHALAMUS? |
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Definition
| controls pituitary gland, involved in hunger, thirst, body temp. and sexual behavior |
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Term
| What is the HIPPO CAMPUS? |
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Definition
| Consolidating memory-transferring memory into permanent storage |
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Term
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Definition
| to be detected as different, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) |
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Term
| What is DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD? |
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Definition
| the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 % of the time. (also known as a just noticeable difference (JND)) |
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Term
| What is SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY? |
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Definition
| attempts to predict how and when the presence of a faint stimulus (the signal) is detected against background noise |
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