Term
|
Definition
Father of Psychology.
First Laboratory and School.
German. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Material body vs. immaterial soul.
Like a religious doctrine.
Descartes focused on the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dualism focusing on the body. Reflexes - complex behaviors can occur through purely mechanical means (without the soul). Pineal body - part of the body that the soul acts upon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
English philosopher (1588-1679)
The soul is a meaningless concept (now known as materialism)
All human behavior can be understood in terms of physical processes in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The spirit, or soul, is a meaningless concept and nothing exists but matter and energy.
Thomas Hobbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All human behavior occurs through reflexes involving higher parts of the brain.
I.M. Sechenov (Russian) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific parts of the brain serve specific function in the production of mental experience and behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
British: John Locke, David Hartley, James Mill, John Stuart Mill.
Human knowledge and thought derive ultimately from sensory experience. Thoughts are reflections of one's experiences in the physical and social environment.
Law of Association by Contiguity. |
|
|
Term
| Law of association by contiguity |
|
Definition
From Aristotle to Empiricists.
If a person experiences two environmental events at the same time or one right after the other, those two events will become associated in the peron's mind, such that the thought of one event will, in the future, tend to elicit the thought of the other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opposite of empiricism.
Some knowledge and rules of operation are inborn and do not have to be acquired from experience.
Wilhelm von Leibniz and Immanuel Kant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
a posteriori - knowledge gained from experience in the environment.
a priori - knowledge built into the human brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1809-1882
Book: The Origin of Species - Natural Selection
Book: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals - basic forms of human emotional expression are inherited, and may have evolved to help communicate one's emotions, which increases chance of survival. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The level, or type, of causal process that is studied.
Psych: neural, genetic, evolutionary, learning, cognitive, social, cultural, and developmental. |
|
|
