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| The study of how people use cognitive processes- such as perception, memory, thought, and emotion- to help make sense of other people as well as themselves |
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| A general knowledge structure, stored in long-term memory, that relates to social experiences or people |
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| The collection of beliefs and impressions held about a group and its members; common stereotypes include those based on gender, race, and age |
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| Self-fulfilling Prophesy Effect |
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| A condition in which our expectations about the actions of another person actually lead hat person to behave in the expected way |
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| Positive or negative evaluations of a group and its members |
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| Behaviors that are directed against members of a group |
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| The inference processes people use to assign cause and effect to behavior |
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| Attributing the cause of a person's behavior to an external event or situation in the environment |
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| Attributing the cause of a person's behavior to an internal personality trait or disposition |
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| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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| When people seek to interpret someone else's behavior, the tend to overestimate the influences of internal personal factors and underestimate the role of situational factors |
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| The overall tendency to attribute our own behavior to external sources but to attribute the behavior of others to internal sources |
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| The tendency to make internal attributions about one's own behavior when the outcome is positive and to blame the situation when one's behavior leads to something negative |
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| A positive or negative evaluation of belief held about something, which in turn may affect one's behavior; attitudes are typically broken down into cognitive, affective, and behavioral components |
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| Elaboration Likelihood Model |
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| A model proposing two primary routes to persuasion and attitude chance: a central route, which operates when we are motivated and focusing our attention on the message, and a peripheral route, which operates when we are either unmotivated to process the message or unable to do so |
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| Features of the person who is presenting a persuasive message, such as his or her attractiveness, amount of power, or fame |
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| The tension produced when people act in a way that is inconsistent with their attitudes |
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| The idea that people use observations of their own behavior as a basis for inferring their internal beliefs |
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| The study of how the behaviors and thoughts of individuals are affected by the presence of others |
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| The enhancement in performance that is sometimes found when an individual performs in the presence of others |
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| The impairment in performance that is sometimes found when an individual performs in the presence of others |
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| Acting in a way that shows unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
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| The reluctance to come to the aid of a person in need when other people are present |
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| Diffusion of Responsibility |
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Definition
| The idea that when people know (or think) that others are present in a situation, they allow their sense of responsibility for action to diffuse, or spread out widely, among those who are present |
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| The tendency to put out less effort when working in a group compare to when working alone |
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| The loss of individuality, or depersonalization, that comes from being in a group |
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| The tendency to comply with the wishes of the group; when people conform, their opinions, feelings, and behaviors generally start to move toward the group norm |
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| A group of individuals with whom one shares features in common or with whom one identifies |
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| The tendency for a group's dominant point of view to become stronger and more extreme with time |
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| The tendency for members of a group to become so interested in seeking a consensus of opinion that they start to ignore and even suppresses dissenting views |
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| The form of compliance that occurs when people respond to the orders of an authority figure |
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| The tendency for people to return in kind the feelings hat are shown towards them |
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| An intense emotional state characterized by a powerful longing to be with a specific person' passionate love is marked by a combination of intimacy and passion, but commitment may be lacking |
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| A kind of emotional attachment characterized by feelings of trust and companionship; companionate love is marked by a combination of intimacy and commitment but passion may be lacking |
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