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| Sensorimotor. Birth-2 yrs. Experiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, touching, mouthing, grasping). Object permanence & stranger anxiety. |
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| Preoperational. 2-6. Representing things w/ words & images but lacking logical reasoning. Pretend play, egocentrism, & language development. |
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| Concrete operational. 7-11. Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies & performing arithmetical operations. Conservation & mathematical transformations. |
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| Formal operational. 12-adulthood. Abstract reasoning. Abstract logic & potential for mature moral reasoning. |
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Definition
| Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. |
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Definition
| Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. |
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Definition
| A concept or framework that organizes & interprets info. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trust vs. Mistrust. Infancy (birth-1). If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust. |
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| Autonomy vs. Shame & doubt. Toddlerhood (1-2). Toddlers learn to exercise will & do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiative vs. Guilt. Preschooler (3-5). Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks & carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent. |
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Definition
| Competence vs. Inferiority. Elementary School (6-puberty). Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior. |
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Definition
| Identity vs. Role Confusion. Adolescence (teen-20s). Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles & then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intimacy vs. Isolation. Young adulthood (20s-40s). Young adults struggle to form close relationships & to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generativity vs. Stagnation. Middle adulthood (40s-60s). The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family & work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. |
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| Integrity vs. Despair. Late adulthood (late 60s & +), When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure. |
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