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| father of psy , set up 1st lab, scientific study of consciousness used introspection |
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| Structuralism - Titchener |
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| study component structure of consciousness. Brought Wundt's ideas to U.S |
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| Fuctionalism - William James |
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| Study function of component parts of consciousness. He reject method of Wundt and Tichener. |
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| unconscious motive and drives as well as early childhood experiences influence behavior , DREAM ANALYSIS. |
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| study only observable behavior which is learned, |
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| study reward and punishment affect animal behavior. |
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| Piaget, Chomsky, Simon ; emphasize thought, language, memory, cognition and biology combined ( ex: brain imagiing studies. |
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Maslow and Roger -Goal: Study unique aspects of the person.
Each person is innately good & makes free choices |
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. Emphasize diversity and adaptation to social environment
Darwinian influence |
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Definition
Understand the mind by understanding the biological activity of the brain
Localization of function
Lesion studies in animals
Humans with focal brain damage |
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Term
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Definition
conscious & unconscious forces interact to control thoughts & behaviors
Methods: Understand meanings of the client’s mental life
Speech (slips of the tongue)
Perception of childhood experiences
Dream analyses
Data: Case studies |
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Term
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Definition
Learning involved in acquiring & maintaining behaviors
Metaphor: Humans & other animals are mechanistic; behaviors are observed & measured |
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Definition
How people process, store, & retrieve information
Metaphor: The mind is like a computer
Methods: Experimental Method
Data: Memory & decision-making; brain-imaging studies |
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Definition
Human behaviors evolved because they helped our ancestors survive & reproduce
Sociobiology:
Natural selection operates on both psychological & physical functions
Metaphor: “We are all runners in a race, competing for resources…”
Methods: Deductive & some experimental
Data: Start with known behavior then explain it based on evolutionary principles |
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| Contributions of the Psychological Perspectives |
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Definition
Biological: Focus on physical (physiological) basis of behavior
Psychodynamic: Focus on unconscious process and on conflict
Behavioral: Focus on learning and behavior modification
Cognitive: Focus on thought and memory
Humanistic: Focus on the unique aspects of the human
Evolutionary: Focus on diversity and adaptation |
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Term
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Definition
Biopsychology (or neuroscience)
Explain behavior in biological terms
Cognitive Psychology
Study processes of thinking & acquiring knowledge.
Developmental Psychology
Study typical behavioral capacities of different ages & how behavior changes with age.
Social Psychology
Study how an individual influences & is influenced by other people |
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| Service Providers to Individuals |
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Definition
| Many types of psychotherapists & they are trained in a variety of disciplines. |
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| Service Providers to Organizations |
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Definition
Industrial/Organizational Psychologists
Study behavior in the workplace
Use social, cognitive, & motivational psychology principles
Often use psychological tests.
Human factors specialist
Facilitate use of machinery & appliances so that the average user can operate them efficiently and safely.
School psychologist
Specializes in psychological condition of students
Uses developmental, learning & motivational principles
Often uses tests for educational planning of individual students |
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